Int128 Bit Class<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jun-11,2021: Obsolete Use xIntX Instead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
using System;\nusing System.ComponentModel;\nusing System.Diagnostics;\nusing System.Globalization;\nusing System.Runtime.InteropServices;\nusing System.Text;\n[Serializable]\n[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]\n[TypeConverter(typeof(Int128Converter))]\n[DebuggerDisplay(\"{DDisplay}\")]\npublic struct Int128 : IComparable<Int128>, IComparable, IEquatable<Int128>, IConvertible, IFormattable\n{\n public ulong _hi;\n public ulong _lo;\n private const ulong HiNeg = 0x8000000000000000;\n [DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)]\n private string DDisplay => \"0x\" + ToString(\"X1\");\n public static Int128 Zero;\n public static Int128 Ten = new Int128(10);\n public static Int128 One = new Int128(1);\n public static Int128 MaxValue = GetMaxValue();\n public static Int128 MinValue = GetMinValue();\n private static Int128 GetMaxValue()\n {\n return new Int128(long.MaxValue, ulong.MaxValue);\n }\n private static Int128 GetMinValue()\n {\n return new Int128(0x8000000000000000, 0);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Either base10 or base 16\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public Int128(string value)\n {\n TryParse(value, out var result);\n _hi = result._hi;\n _lo = result._lo;\n }\n public Int128(byte value)\n {\n _hi = 0;\n _lo = value;\n }\n public Int128(bool value)\n {\n _hi = 0;\n _lo = (ulong) (value ? 1 : 0);\n }\n public Int128(char value)\n {\n _hi = 0;\n _lo = value;\n }\n public Int128(decimal value)\n {\n if (value < 0)\n {\n var n = -new Int128(-value);\n _hi = n._hi;\n _lo = n._lo;\n return;\n }\n var bits = decimal.GetBits(value);\n _hi = (uint) bits[2];\n _lo = (uint) bits[0] | ((ulong) bits[1] << 32);\n }\n public Int128(double value)\n : this((decimal) value)\n {\n }\n public Int128(float value)\n : this((decimal) value)\n {\n }\n public Int128(short value)\n {\n if (value < 0)\n {\n var n = -new Int128(-(value + 1)) - 1;\n _hi = n._hi;\n _lo = n._lo;\n return;\n }\n _hi = 0;\n _lo = (ulong) value;\n }\n public Int128(int value)\n {\n if (value < 0)\n {\n var n = -new Int128(-(value + 1)) - 1;\n _hi = n._hi;\n _lo = n._lo;\n return;\n }\n _hi = 0;\n _lo = (ulong) value;\n }\n public Int128(long value)\n {\n if (value < 0)\n {\n var n = -new Int128(-(value + 1)) - 1;\n _hi = n._hi;\n _lo = n._lo;\n return;\n }\n _hi = 0;\n _lo = (ulong) value;\n }\n public Int128(sbyte value)\n {\n if (value < 0)\n {\n var n = -new Int128(-(value + 1)) - 1;\n _hi = n._hi;\n _lo = n._lo;\n return;\n }\n _hi = 0;\n _lo = (ulong) value;\n }\n public Int128(ushort value)\n {\n _hi = 0;\n _lo = value;\n }\n public Int128(uint value)\n {\n _hi = 0;\n _lo = value;\n }\n public Int128(ulong value)\n {\n _hi = 0;\n _lo = value;\n }\n public Int128(Guid value)\n : this(value.ToByteArray())\n {\n }\n public Int128(byte[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new ArgumentNullException(\"value\");\n if (value.Length != 16)\n throw new ArgumentException(null, \"value\");\n _hi = BitConverter.ToUInt64(value, 8);\n _lo = BitConverter.ToUInt64(value, 0);\n }\n public Int128(ulong hi, ulong lo)\n {\n _hi = hi;\n _lo = lo;\n }\n public Int128(int sign, uint[] ints)\n {\n if (ints == null)\n throw new ArgumentNullException(\"ints\");\n var lo = new byte[8];\n var hi = new byte[8];\n if (ints.Length > 0)\n {\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(ints[0]), 0, lo, 0, 4);\n if (ints.Length > 1)\n {\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(ints[1]), 0, lo, 4, 4);\n if (ints.Length > 2)\n {\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(ints[2]), 0, hi, 0, 4);\n if (ints.Length > 3)\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(ints[3]), 0, hi, 4, 4);\n }\n }\n }\n _lo = BitConverter.ToUInt64(lo, 0);\n _hi = BitConverter.ToUInt64(hi, 0);\n if (sign < 0)\n _hi |= HiNeg;\n else\n _hi &= ~HiNeg;\n }\n public int BitWidth\n {\n get\n {\n Int128 bitWidth = 1;\n var v = this;\n while ((v >>= 1) > 0)\n bitWidth++;\n if (bitWidth < 8)\n bitWidth = 8;\n while (bitWidth % 8 != 0)\n bitWidth++;\n return (int) bitWidth;\n }\n }\n public int Sign\n {\n get\n {\n if (_hi == 0 && _lo == 0)\n return 0;\n return (_hi & HiNeg) == 0 ? 1 : -1;\n }\n }\n public override int GetHashCode()\n {\n return _hi.GetHashCode() ^ _lo.GetHashCode();\n }\n public override bool Equals(object obj)\n {\n return base.Equals(obj);\n }\n public bool Equals(Int128 obj)\n {\n return _hi == obj._hi && _lo == obj._lo;\n }\n public override string ToString()\n {\n return ToString(null, null);\n }\n public string ToString(string format)\n {\n return ToString(format, null);\n }\n public string ToString(string format, IFormatProvider formatProvider)\n {\n if (formatProvider == null)\n formatProvider = CultureInfo.CurrentCulture;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(format))\n {\n var ch = format[0];\n if (ch == 'x' || ch == 'X')\n {\n int min;\n int.TryParse(format.Substring(1).Trim(), out min);\n return ToHexString(ch == 'X', min);\n }\n if (ch != 'G' && ch != 'g' && ch != 'D' && ch != 'd')\n throw new NotSupportedException(\"Not supported format: \" + format);\n }\n return ToString((NumberFormatInfo) formatProvider.GetFormat(typeof(NumberFormatInfo)));\n }\n private string ToHexString(bool caps, int min)\n {\n var sb = new StringBuilder();\n var x = caps ? \"X\" : \"x\";\n if (min < 0 || min > 16 || _hi != 0)\n {\n sb.Append(min > 16 ? _hi.ToString(x + (min - 16)) : _hi.ToString(x));\n sb.Append(_lo.ToString(x + \"16\"));\n }\n else\n {\n sb.Append(_lo.ToString(x + min));\n }\n return sb.ToString();\n }\n private string ToString(NumberFormatInfo info)\n {\n if (Sign == 0)\n return \"0\";\n var sb = new StringBuilder();\n var current = this;\n current._hi &= ~HiNeg;\n Int128 r;\n while (true)\n {\n current = DivRem(current, Ten, out r);\n if (r._lo > 0 || current.Sign != 0 || sb.Length == 0)\n sb.Insert(0, (char) ('0' + r._lo));\n if (current.Sign == 0)\n break;\n }\n var s = sb.ToString();\n if (Sign < 0 && s != \"0\")\n return info.NegativeSign + s;\n return s;\n }\n TypeCode IConvertible.GetTypeCode()\n {\n return TypeCode.Object;\n }\n bool IConvertible.ToBoolean(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (bool) this;\n }\n byte IConvertible.ToByte(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (byte) this;\n }\n char IConvertible.ToChar(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (char) this;\n }\n DateTime IConvertible.ToDateTime(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n throw new InvalidCastException();\n }\n decimal IConvertible.ToDecimal(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (decimal) this;\n }\n double IConvertible.ToDouble(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (double) this;\n }\n short IConvertible.ToInt16(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (short) this;\n }\n int IConvertible.ToInt32(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (int) this;\n }\n long IConvertible.ToInt64(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (int) this;\n }\n sbyte IConvertible.ToSByte(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (sbyte) this;\n }\n float IConvertible.ToSingle(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (float) this;\n }\n string IConvertible.ToString(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return ToString(null, provider);\n }\n public bool TryConvert(Type conversionType, IFormatProvider provider, out object value)\n {\n if (conversionType == typeof(bool))\n {\n value = (bool) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(byte))\n {\n value = (byte) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(char))\n {\n value = (char) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(decimal))\n {\n value = (decimal) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(double))\n {\n value = (double) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(short))\n {\n value = (short) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(int))\n {\n value = (int) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(long))\n {\n value = (long) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(sbyte))\n {\n value = (sbyte) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(float))\n {\n value = (float) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(string))\n {\n value = ToString(null, provider);\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(ushort))\n {\n value = (ushort) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(uint))\n {\n value = (uint) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(ulong))\n {\n value = (ulong) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(byte[]))\n {\n value = ToByteArray();\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(Guid))\n {\n value = new Guid(ToByteArray());\n return true;\n }\n value = null;\n return false;\n }\n public static Int128 Parse(string value)\n {\n return Parse(value, NumberStyles.Integer, NumberFormatInfo.CurrentInfo);\n }\n public static Int128 Parse(string value, NumberStyles style)\n {\n return Parse(value, style, NumberFormatInfo.CurrentInfo);\n }\n public static Int128 Parse(string value, IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return Parse(value, NumberStyles.Integer, NumberFormatInfo.GetInstance(provider));\n }\n public static Int128 Parse(string value, NumberStyles style, IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n Int128 result;\n if (!TryParse(value, style, provider, out result))\n throw new ArgumentException(null, \"value\");\n return result;\n }\n public static bool TryParse(string value, out Int128 result)\n {\n return TryParse(value, NumberStyles.Integer, NumberFormatInfo.CurrentInfo, out result);\n }\n public static bool TryParse(string value, NumberStyles style, IFormatProvider provider, out Int128 result)\n {\n result = Zero;\n if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))\n return false;\n if (value.StartsWith(\"x\", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))\n {\n style |= NumberStyles.AllowHexSpecifier;\n value = value.Substring(1);\n }\n else\n {\n if (value.StartsWith(\"0x\", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))\n {\n style |= NumberStyles.AllowHexSpecifier;\n value = value.Substring(2);\n }\n }\n if ((style & NumberStyles.AllowHexSpecifier) == NumberStyles.AllowHexSpecifier)\n return TryParseHex(value, out result);\n return TryParseNum(value, out result);\n }\n private static bool TryParseHex(string value, out Int128 result)\n {\n if (value.Length > 32)\n throw new OverflowException();\n result = Zero;\n var hi = false;\n var pos = 0;\n for (var i = value.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)\n {\n var ch = value[i];\n ulong b;\n if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')\n b = (ulong) (ch - '0');\n else if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'F')\n b = (ulong) (ch - 'A' + 10);\n else if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'f')\n b = (ulong) (ch - 'a' + 10);\n else\n return false;\n if (hi)\n {\n result._hi |= b << pos;\n pos += 4;\n }\n else\n {\n result._lo |= b << pos;\n pos += 4;\n if (pos == 64)\n {\n pos = 0;\n hi = true;\n }\n }\n }\n return true;\n }\n private static bool TryParseNum(string value, out Int128 result)\n {\n result = Zero;\n foreach (var ch in value)\n {\n byte b;\n if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')\n b = (byte) (ch - '0');\n else\n return false;\n result = Ten * result;\n result += b;\n }\n return true;\n }\n public object ToType(Type conversionType, IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n object value;\n if (TryConvert(conversionType, provider, out value))\n return value;\n throw new InvalidCastException();\n }\n ushort IConvertible.ToUInt16(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n if (_hi != 0)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return Convert.ToUInt16(_lo);\n }\n uint IConvertible.ToUInt32(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n if (_hi != 0)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return Convert.ToUInt32(_lo);\n }\n ulong IConvertible.ToUInt64(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n if (_hi != 0)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return _lo;\n }\n int IComparable.CompareTo(object obj)\n {\n return Compare(this, obj);\n }\n public static int Compare(Int128 left, object right)\n {\n if (right is Int128)\n return Compare(left, (Int128) right);\n if (right is bool)\n return Compare(left, new Int128((bool) right));\n if (right is byte)\n return Compare(left, new Int128((byte) right));\n if (right is char)\n return Compare(left, new Int128((char) right));\n if (right is decimal)\n return Compare(left, new Int128((decimal) right));\n if (right is double)\n return Compare(left, new Int128((double) right));\n if (right is short)\n return Compare(left, new Int128((short) right));\n if (right is int)\n return Compare(left, new Int128((int) right));\n if (right is long)\n return Compare(left, new Int128((long) right));\n if (right is sbyte)\n return Compare(left, new Int128((sbyte) right));\n if (right is float)\n return Compare(left, new Int128((float) right));\n if (right is ushort)\n return Compare(left, new Int128((ushort) right));\n if (right is uint)\n return Compare(left, new Int128((uint) right));\n if (right is ulong)\n return Compare(left, new Int128((ulong) right));\n var bytes = right as byte[];\n if (bytes != null && bytes.Length != 16)\n return Compare(left, new Int128(bytes));\n if (right is Guid)\n return Compare(left, new Int128((Guid) right));\n throw new ArgumentException();\n }\n public byte[] ToByteArray()\n {\n var bytes = new byte[16];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(_lo), 0, bytes, 0, 8);\n Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(_hi), 0, bytes, 8, 8);\n return bytes;\n }\n public static int Compare(Int128 left, Int128 right)\n {\n if (left.Sign < 0)\n {\n if (right.Sign >= 0)\n return -1;\n var xhi = left._hi & ~HiNeg;\n var yhi = right._hi & ~HiNeg;\n if (xhi != yhi)\n return -xhi.CompareTo(yhi);\n return -left._lo.CompareTo(right._lo);\n }\n if (right.Sign < 0)\n return 1;\n if (left._hi != right._hi)\n return left._hi.CompareTo(right._hi);\n return left._lo.CompareTo(right._lo);\n }\n public int CompareTo(Int128 value)\n {\n return Compare(this, value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int128(bool value)\n {\n return new Int128(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int128(byte value)\n {\n return new Int128(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int128(char value)\n {\n return new Int128(value);\n }\n public static explicit operator Int128(decimal value)\n {\n return new Int128(value);\n }\n public static explicit operator Int128(double value)\n {\n return new Int128(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int128(short value)\n {\n return new Int128(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int128(int value)\n {\n return new Int128(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int128(long value)\n {\n return new Int128(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int128(sbyte value)\n {\n return new Int128(value);\n }\n public static explicit operator Int128(float value)\n {\n return new Int128(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int128(ushort value)\n {\n return new Int128(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int128(uint value)\n {\n return new Int128(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int128(ulong value)\n {\n return new Int128(value);\n }\n public static explicit operator bool(Int128 value)\n {\n return value.Sign != 0;\n }\n public static explicit operator byte(Int128 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign == 0)\n return 0;\n if (value.Sign < 0 || value._lo > 0xFF)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return (byte) value._lo;\n }\n public static explicit operator char(Int128 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign == 0)\n return (char) 0;\n if (value.Sign < 0 || value._lo > 0xFFFF)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return (char) (ushort) value._lo;\n }\n public static explicit operator decimal(Int128 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign == 0)\n return 0;\n return new decimal((int) (value._lo & 0xFFFFFFFF), (int) (value._lo >> 32), (int) (value._hi & 0xFFFFFFFF),\n value.Sign < 0, 0);\n }\n public static explicit operator double(Int128 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign == 0)\n return 0;\n double d;\n var nfi = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.NumberFormat;\n if (!double.TryParse(value.ToString(nfi), NumberStyles.Number, nfi, out d))\n throw new OverflowException();\n return d;\n }\n public static explicit operator float(Int128 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign == 0)\n return 0;\n float f;\n var nfi = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.NumberFormat;\n if (!float.TryParse(value.ToString(nfi), NumberStyles.Number, nfi, out f))\n throw new OverflowException();\n return f;\n }\n public static explicit operator short(Int128 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign == 0)\n return 0;\n if (value._lo > 0x8000)\n throw new OverflowException();\n if (value._lo == 0x8000 && value.Sign > 0)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return (short) ((int) value._lo * value.Sign);\n }\n public static explicit operator int(Int128 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign == 0)\n return 0;\n if (value._lo > 0x80000000)\n throw new OverflowException();\n if (value._lo == 0x80000000 && value.Sign > 0)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return (int) value._lo * value.Sign;\n }\n public static explicit operator long(Int128 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign == 0)\n return 0;\n if (value._lo > long.MaxValue)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return (long) value._lo * value.Sign;\n }\n public static explicit operator uint(Int128 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign == 0)\n return 0;\n if (value.Sign < 0 || value._lo > uint.MaxValue)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return (uint) value._lo;\n }\n public static explicit operator ushort(Int128 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign == 0)\n return 0;\n if (value.Sign < 0 || value._lo > ushort.MaxValue)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return (ushort) value._lo;\n }\n public static explicit operator ulong(Int128 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign < 0 || value._hi != 0)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return value._lo;\n }\n public static bool operator >(Int128 left, Int128 right)\n {\n return Compare(left, right) > 0;\n }\n public static bool operator <(Int128 left, Int128 right)\n {\n return Compare(left, right) < 0;\n }\n public static bool operator >=(Int128 left, Int128 right)\n {\n return Compare(left, right) >= 0;\n }\n public static bool operator <=(Int128 left, Int128 right)\n {\n return Compare(left, right) <= 0;\n }\n public static bool operator !=(Int128 left, Int128 right)\n {\n return Compare(left, right) != 0;\n }\n public static bool operator ==(Int128 left, Int128 right)\n {\n return Compare(left, right) == 0;\n }\n public static Int128 operator +(Int128 value)\n {\n return value;\n }\n public static Int128 operator -(Int128 value)\n {\n return Negate(value);\n }\n public static Int128 operator ~(Int128 value)\n {\n return -(value + One);\n }\n public static Int128 operator ++(Int128 value)\n {\n return value + 1;\n }\n public static Int128 operator --(Int128 value)\n {\n return value - 1;\n }\n public static Int128 Negate(Int128 value)\n {\n return new Int128(~value._hi, ~value._lo) + 1;\n }\n public Int128 ToAbs()\n {\n return Abs(this);\n }\n public static Int128 Abs(Int128 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign < 0)\n return -value;\n return value;\n }\n public static Int128 operator +(Int128 left, Int128 right)\n {\n var add = left;\n add._hi += right._hi;\n add._lo += right._lo;\n if (add._lo < left._lo)\n add._hi++;\n return add;\n }\n public static Int128 operator -(Int128 left, Int128 right)\n {\n return left + -right;\n }\n public static Int128 Add(Int128 left, Int128 right)\n {\n return left + right;\n }\n public static Int128 Subtract(Int128 left, Int128 right)\n {\n return left - right;\n }\n public static Int128 Divide(Int128 dividend, Int128 divisor)\n {\n Int128 integer;\n return DivRem(dividend, divisor, out integer);\n }\n public static Int128 DivRem(Int128 dividend, Int128 divisor, out Int128 remainder)\n {\n if (divisor == 0)\n throw new DivideByZeroException();\n uint[] quotient;\n uint[] rem;\n DivRem(dividend.ToUIn32Array(), divisor.ToUIn32Array(), out quotient, out rem);\n remainder = new Int128(1, rem);\n return new Int128(dividend.Sign * divisor.Sign, quotient);\n }\n private static void DivRem(uint[] dividend, uint[] divisor, out uint[] quotient, out uint[] remainder)\n {\n const ulong hiBit = 0x100000000;\n var divisorLen = GetLength(divisor);\n var dividendLen = GetLength(dividend);\n if (divisorLen <= 1)\n {\n ulong rem = 0;\n var div = divisor[0];\n quotient = new uint[dividendLen];\n remainder = new uint[1];\n for (var i = dividendLen - 1; i >= 0; i--)\n {\n rem *= hiBit;\n rem += dividend[i];\n var q = rem \/ div;\n rem -= q * div;\n quotient[i] = (uint) q;\n }\n remainder[0] = (uint) rem;\n return;\n }\n if (dividendLen >= divisorLen)\n {\n var shift = GetNormalizeShift(divisor[divisorLen - 1]);\n var normDividend = new uint[dividendLen + 1];\n var normDivisor = new uint[divisorLen];\n Normalize(dividend, dividendLen, normDividend, shift);\n Normalize(divisor, divisorLen, normDivisor, shift);\n quotient = new uint[dividendLen - divisorLen + 1];\n for (var j = dividendLen - divisorLen; j >= 0; j--)\n {\n var dx = hiBit * normDividend[j + divisorLen] + normDividend[j + divisorLen - 1];\n var qj = dx \/ normDivisor[divisorLen - 1];\n dx -= qj * normDivisor[divisorLen - 1];\n do\n {\n if (qj < hiBit && qj * normDivisor[divisorLen - 2] <= dx * hiBit + normDividend[j + divisorLen - 2])\n break;\n qj -= 1L;\n dx += normDivisor[divisorLen - 1];\n } while (dx < hiBit);\n long di = 0;\n long dj;\n var index = 0;\n while (index < divisorLen)\n {\n var dqj = normDivisor[index] * qj;\n dj = normDividend[index + j] - (uint) dqj - di;\n normDividend[index + j] = (uint) dj;\n dqj = dqj >> 32;\n dj = dj >> 32;\n di = (long) dqj - dj;\n index++;\n }\n dj = normDividend[j + divisorLen] - di;\n normDividend[j + divisorLen] = (uint) dj;\n quotient[j] = (uint) qj;\n if (dj < 0)\n {\n quotient[j]--;\n ulong sum = 0;\n for (index = 0; index < divisorLen; index++)\n {\n sum = normDivisor[index] + normDividend[j + index] + sum;\n normDividend[j + index] = (uint) sum;\n sum = sum >> 32;\n }\n sum += normDividend[j + divisorLen];\n normDividend[j + divisorLen] = (uint) sum;\n }\n }\n remainder = Unnormalize(normDividend, shift);\n return;\n }\n quotient = new uint[0];\n remainder = dividend;\n }\n private static int GetLength(uint[] uints)\n {\n var index = uints.Length - 1;\n while (index >= 0 && uints[index] == 0)\n index--;\n return index + 1;\n }\n private static int GetNormalizeShift(uint ui)\n {\n var shift = 0;\n if ((ui & 0xffff0000) == 0)\n {\n ui = ui << 16;\n shift += 16;\n }\n if ((ui & 0xff000000) == 0)\n {\n ui = ui << 8;\n shift += 8;\n }\n if ((ui & 0xf0000000) == 0)\n {\n ui = ui << 4;\n shift += 4;\n }\n if ((ui & 0xc0000000) == 0)\n {\n ui = ui << 2;\n shift += 2;\n }\n if ((ui & 0x80000000) == 0)\n shift++;\n return shift;\n }\n private static uint[] Unnormalize(uint[] normalized, int shift)\n {\n var len = GetLength(normalized);\n var unormalized = new uint[len];\n if (shift > 0)\n {\n var rshift = 32 - shift;\n uint r = 0;\n for (var i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--)\n {\n unormalized[i] = (normalized[i] >> shift) | r;\n r = normalized[i] << rshift;\n }\n }\n else\n {\n for (var j = 0; j < len; j++)\n unormalized[j] = normalized[j];\n }\n return unormalized;\n }\n private static void Normalize(uint[] unormalized, int len, uint[] normalized, int shift)\n {\n int i;\n uint n = 0;\n if (shift > 0)\n {\n var rshift = 32 - shift;\n for (i = 0; i < len; i++)\n {\n normalized[i] = (unormalized[i] << shift) | n;\n n = unormalized[i] >> rshift;\n }\n }\n else\n {\n i = 0;\n while (i < len)\n {\n normalized[i] = unormalized[i];\n i++;\n }\n }\n while (i < normalized.Length)\n normalized[i++] = 0;\n if (n != 0)\n normalized[len] = n;\n }\n public static Int128 Remainder(Int128 dividend, Int128 divisor)\n {\n Int128 remainder;\n DivRem(dividend, divisor, out remainder);\n return remainder;\n }\n public static Int128 operator %(Int128 dividend, Int128 divisor)\n {\n return Remainder(dividend, divisor);\n }\n public static Int128 operator \/(Int128 dividend, Int128 divisor)\n {\n return Divide(dividend, divisor);\n }\n public ulong[] ToUIn64Array()\n {\n return new[] {_hi, _lo};\n }\n public uint[] ToUIn32Array()\n {\n var ints = new uint[4];\n var lob = BitConverter.GetBytes(_lo);\n var hib = BitConverter.GetBytes(_hi);\n Buffer.BlockCopy(lob, 0, ints, 0, 4);\n Buffer.BlockCopy(lob, 4, ints, 4, 4);\n Buffer.BlockCopy(hib, 0, ints, 8, 4);\n Buffer.BlockCopy(hib, 4, ints, 12, 4);\n return ints;\n }\n public static Int128 Multiply(Int128 left, Int128 right)\n {\n var xInts = left.ToUIn32Array();\n var yInts = right.ToUIn32Array();\n var mulInts = new uint[8];\n for (var i = 0; i < xInts.Length; i++)\n {\n var index = i;\n ulong remainder = 0;\n foreach (var yi in yInts)\n {\n remainder = remainder + (ulong) xInts[i] * yi + mulInts[index];\n mulInts[index++] = (uint) remainder;\n remainder = remainder >> 32;\n }\n while (remainder != 0)\n {\n remainder += mulInts[index];\n mulInts[index++] = (uint) remainder;\n remainder = remainder >> 32;\n }\n }\n return new Int128(left.Sign * right.Sign, mulInts);\n }\n public static Int128 operator *(Int128 left, Int128 right)\n {\n return Multiply(left, right);\n }\n public static Int128 operator >>(Int128 value, int shift)\n {\n if (shift == 0)\n return value;\n if (shift < 0)\n return value << -shift;\n shift = shift % 128;\n var shifted = new Int128();\n if (shift > 63)\n {\n shifted._lo = value._hi >> (shift - 64);\n shifted._hi = 0;\n }\n else\n {\n shifted._hi = value._hi >> shift;\n shifted._lo = (value._hi << (64 - shift)) | (value._lo >> shift);\n }\n return shifted;\n }\n public static Int128 operator <<(Int128 value, int shift)\n {\n if (shift == 0)\n return value;\n if (shift < 0)\n return value >> -shift;\n shift = shift % 128;\n var shifted = new Int128();\n if (shift > 63)\n {\n shifted._hi = value._lo << (shift - 64);\n shifted._lo = 0;\n }\n else\n {\n var ul = value._lo >> (64 - shift);\n shifted._hi = ul | (value._hi << shift);\n shifted._lo = value._lo << shift;\n }\n return shifted;\n }\n public static Int128 operator |(Int128 left, Int128 right)\n {\n if (left == 0)\n return right;\n if (right == 0)\n return left;\n var x = left.ToUIn32Array();\n var y = right.ToUIn32Array();\n var z = new uint[Math.Max(x.Length, y.Length)];\n var xExtend = left.Sign < 0 ? uint.MaxValue : 0;\n var yExtend = right.Sign < 0 ? uint.MaxValue : 0;\n for (var i = 0; i < z.Length; i++)\n {\n var xu = i < x.Length ? x[i] : xExtend;\n var yu = i < y.Length ? y[i] : yExtend;\n z[i] = xu | yu;\n }\n return new Int128(left.Sign * right.Sign, z);\n }\n public static Int128 operator ^(Int128 left, Int128 right)\n {\n var x = left.ToUIn32Array();\n var y = right.ToUIn32Array();\n var z = new uint[Math.Max(x.Length, y.Length)];\n var xExtend = left.Sign < 0 ? uint.MaxValue : 0;\n var yExtend = right.Sign < 0 ? uint.MaxValue : 0;\n for (var i = 0; i < z.Length; i++)\n {\n var xu = i < x.Length ? x[i] : xExtend;\n var yu = i < y.Length ? y[i] : yExtend;\n z[i] = xu ^ yu;\n }\n return new Int128(left.Sign * right.Sign, z);\n }\n public static Int128 operator &(Int128 left, Int128 right)\n {\n if (left == 0 || right == 0)\n return Zero;\n var x = left.ToUIn32Array();\n var y = right.ToUIn32Array();\n var z = new uint[Math.Max(x.Length, y.Length)];\n var xExtend = left.Sign < 0 ? uint.MaxValue : 0;\n var yExtend = right.Sign < 0 ? uint.MaxValue : 0;\n for (var i = 0; i < z.Length; i++)\n {\n var xu = i < x.Length ? x[i] : xExtend;\n var yu = i < y.Length ? y[i] : yExtend;\n z[i] = xu & yu;\n }\n return new Int128(left.Sign * right.Sign, z);\n }\n public class Int128Converter : TypeConverter\n {\n public override bool CanConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext context, Type sourceType)\n {\n if (sourceType == typeof(string))\n return true;\n return base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);\n }\n public override object ConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext context, CultureInfo culture, object value)\n {\n if (value != null)\n {\n Int128 i;\n if (TryParse($\"{value}\", out i))\n return i;\n }\n return new Int128();\n }\n public override bool CanConvertTo(ITypeDescriptorContext context, Type destinationType)\n {\n if (destinationType == typeof(string))\n return true;\n return base.CanConvertTo(context, destinationType);\n }\n public override object ConvertTo(ITypeDescriptorContext context, CultureInfo culture, object value,\n Type destinationType)\n {\n if (destinationType == typeof(string))\n return $\"{value}\";\n return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);\n }\n \n }\n}<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Int128 Bit Class Jun-11,2021: Obsolete Use xIntX Instead.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[5,66],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=136"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":445,"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136\/revisions\/445"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}