Int512 Bit Class<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jun-11,2021: Obsolete Use xIntX Instead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
using System;\nusing System.Collections;\nusing System.ComponentModel;\nusing System.Diagnostics;\nusing System.Globalization;\nusing System.Numerics;\nusing System.Runtime.InteropServices;\nusing System.Text;\n[Serializable]\n[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]\n[TypeConverter(typeof(Int512Converter))]\n[DebuggerDisplay(\"{DDisplay}\")]\npublic struct Int512 : IComparable<Int512>, IComparable, IEquatable<Int512>, IConvertible, IFormattable\n{\n private ulong B512;\n private ulong B448;\n private ulong B384;\n private ulong B320;\n private ulong B256;\n private ulong B192;\n private ulong B128;\n private ulong B64;\n [DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)]\n private string DDisplay => ToString();\n public static Int512 Zero = new Int512(0);\n public static Int512 Ten = new Int512(10);\n public static Int512 One = new Int512(1);\n public static Int512 MaxValue = GetMaxValue();\n public static Int512 MinValue = GetMinValue();\n private const ulong HiNeg = 0x8000000000000000;\n private static Int512 GetMaxValue()\n {\n return new Int512(long.MaxValue, ulong.MaxValue, ulong.MaxValue, ulong.MaxValue, ulong.MaxValue, ulong.MaxValue, ulong.MaxValue, ulong.MaxValue);\n }\n private static Int512 GetMinValue()\n {\n return -GetMaxValue();\n }\n public Int512(Int512 value)\n {\n B512 = value.B512;\n B448 = value.B448;\n B384 = value.B384;\n B320 = value.B320;\n B256 = value.B256;\n B192 = value.B192;\n B128 = value.B128;\n B64 = value.B64;\n }\n public Int512(string value)\n {\n if (!TryParse(value, out var result))\n throw new Exception(\"TryParse Failed.\");\n B512 = result.B512;\n B448 = result.B448;\n B384 = result.B384;\n B320 = result.B320;\n B256 = result.B256;\n B192 = result.B192;\n B128 = result.B128;\n B64 = result.B64;\n }\n public Int512(byte value)\n {\n B512 = 0;\n B448 = 0;\n B384 = 0;\n B320 = 0;\n B256 = 0;\n B192 = 0;\n B128 = 0;\n B64 = value;\n }\n public Int512(bool value)\n {\n B512 = 0;\n B448 = 0;\n B384 = 0;\n B320 = 0;\n B256 = 0;\n B192 = 0;\n B128 = 0;\n B64 = (ulong) (value ? 1 : 0);\n }\n public Int512(char value)\n {\n B512 = 0;\n B448 = 0;\n B384 = 0;\n B320 = 0;\n B256 = 0;\n B192 = 0;\n B128 = 0;\n B64 = value;\n }\n public Int512(BigDecimal value)\n {\n var ba = value.UnscaledValue.ToByteArray();\n B512 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(ba, 56);\n B448 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(ba, 48);\n B384 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(ba, 40);\n B320 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(ba, 32);\n B256 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(ba, 24);\n B192 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(ba, 16);\n B128 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(ba, 8);\n B64 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(ba, 0);\n }\n public Int512(decimal value)\n {\n if (value < 0)\n {\n var n = -new Int512(-value);\n B512 = n.B512;\n B448 = n.B448;\n B384 = n.B384;\n B320 = n.B320;\n B256 = n.B256;\n B192 = n.B192;\n B128 = n.B128;\n B64 = n.B64;\n return;\n }\n var bits = decimal.GetBits(value);\n B512 = 0;\n B448 = 0;\n B384 = 0;\n B320 = 0;\n B256 = 0;\n B192 = (uint) bits[2];\n B128 = (uint) bits[1];\n B64 = (uint) bits[0];\n }\n public Int512(double value) : this((decimal) value)\n {\n }\n public Int512(float value) : this((decimal) value)\n {\n }\n public Int512(short value)\n {\n if (value < 0)\n {\n var n = -new Int512(-(value + 1)) - 1;\n B512 = n.B512;\n B448 = n.B448;\n B384 = n.B384;\n B320 = n.B320;\n B256 = n.B256;\n B192 = n.B192;\n B128 = n.B128;\n B64 = n.B64;\n return;\n }\n B512 = 0;\n B448 = 0;\n B384 = 0;\n B320 = 0;\n B256 = 0;\n B192 = 0;\n B128 = 0;\n B64 = (ulong) value;\n }\n public Int512(int value)\n {\n if (value < 0)\n {\n var n = -new Int512(-(value + 1)) - 1;\n B512 = n.B512;\n B448 = n.B448;\n B384 = n.B384;\n B320 = n.B320;\n B256 = n.B256;\n B192 = n.B192;\n B128 = n.B128;\n B64 = n.B64;\n return;\n }\n B512 = 0;\n B448 = 0;\n B384 = 0;\n B320 = 0;\n B256 = 0;\n B192 = 0;\n B128 = 0;\n B64 = (ulong) value;\n }\n public Int512(long value)\n {\n if (value < 0)\n {\n var n = -new Int512(-(value + 1)) - 1;\n B512 = n.B512;\n B448 = n.B448;\n B384 = n.B384;\n B320 = n.B320;\n B256 = n.B256;\n B192 = n.B192;\n B128 = n.B128;\n B64 = n.B64;\n return;\n }\n B512 = 0;\n B448 = 0;\n B384 = 0;\n B320 = 0;\n B256 = 0;\n B192 = 0;\n B128 = 0;\n B64 = (ulong) value;\n }\n public Int512(sbyte value)\n {\n if (value < 0)\n {\n var n = -new Int512(-(value + 1)) - 1;\n B512 = n.B512;\n B448 = n.B448;\n B384 = n.B384;\n B320 = n.B320;\n B256 = n.B256;\n B192 = n.B192;\n B128 = n.B128;\n B64 = n.B64;\n return;\n }\n B512 = 0;\n B448 = 0;\n B384 = 0;\n B320 = 0;\n B256 = 0;\n B192 = 0;\n B128 = 0;\n B64 = (ulong) value;\n }\n public Int512(ushort value)\n {\n B512 = 0;\n B448 = 0;\n B384 = 0;\n B320 = 0;\n B256 = 0;\n B192 = 0;\n B128 = 0;\n B64 = value;\n }\n public Int512(uint value)\n {\n B512 = 0;\n B448 = 0;\n B384 = 0;\n B320 = 0;\n B256 = 0;\n B192 = 0;\n B128 = 0;\n B64 = value;\n }\n public Int512(ulong value)\n {\n B512 = 0;\n B448 = 0;\n B384 = 0;\n B320 = 0;\n B256 = 0;\n B192 = 0;\n B128 = 0;\n B64 = value;\n }\n public Int512(BigInteger value) : this(value.ToByteArray())\n {\n var aba = MaxValue.ToByteArray();\n var bn = new BigInteger(aba);\n }\n public Int512(Guid value) : this(value.ToByteArray())\n {\n }\n public Int512(byte[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"Value cannot be null.\");\n if (value.Length != 64)\n Array.Resize(ref value, 64);\n B512 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(value, 56);\n B448 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(value, 48);\n B384 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(value, 40);\n B320 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(value, 32);\n B256 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(value, 24);\n B192 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(value, 16);\n B128 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(value, 8);\n B64 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(value, 0);\n }\n public Int512(ulong b512, ulong b448, ulong b384, ulong b320, ulong b256, ulong b192, ulong b128, ulong b64)\n {\n B512 = b512;\n B448 = b448;\n B384 = b384;\n B320 = b320;\n B256 = b256;\n B192 = b192;\n B128 = b128;\n B64 = b64;\n }\n public Int512(int sign, uint[] array)\n {\n if (array == null)\n throw new Exception(\"Array cannot be null.\");\n var b512 = new byte[8];\n var b448 = new byte[8];\n var b384 = new byte[8];\n var b320 = new byte[8];\n var b256 = new byte[8];\n var b192 = new byte[8];\n var b128 = new byte[8];\n var b64 = new byte[8];\n if (array.Length > 0)\n {\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(array[0]), 0, b64, 0, 4);\n if (array.Length > 1)\n {\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(array[1]), 0, b64, 4, 4);\n if (array.Length > 2)\n {\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(array[2]), 0, b128, 0, 4);\n if (array.Length > 3)\n {\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(array[3]), 0, b128, 4, 4);\n if (array.Length > 4)\n {\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(array[4]), 0, b192, 0, 4);\n if (array.Length > 5)\n {\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(array[5]), 0, b192, 4, 4);\n if (array.Length > 6)\n {\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(array[6]), 0, b256, 0, 4);\n if (array.Length > 7)\n {\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(array[7]), 0, b256, 4, 4);\n if (array.Length > 8)\n {\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(array[8]), 0, b320, 0, 4);\n if (array.Length > 9)\n {\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(array[9]), 0, b320, 4, 4);\n if (array.Length > 10)\n {\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(array[10]), 0, b384, 0, 4);\n if (array.Length > 11)\n {\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(array[11]), 0, b384, 4, 4);\n if (array.Length > 12)\n {\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(array[12]), 0, b448, 0, 4);\n if (array.Length > 13)\n {\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(array[13]), 0, b448, 4, 4);\n if (array.Length > 14)\n {\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(array[14]), 0, b512, 0, 4);\n if (array.Length > 15)\n Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(array[15]), 0, b512, 4, 4);\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n B512 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(b512, 0);\n B448 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(b448, 0);\n B384 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(b384, 0);\n B320 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(b320, 0);\n B256 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(b256, 0);\n B192 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(b192, 0);\n B128 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(b128, 0);\n B64 = BitConverter.ToUInt64(b64, 0);\n if (sign < 0)\n B512 |= HiNeg;\n else\n B512 &= ~HiNeg;\n }\n public int BitWidth\n {\n get\n {\n Int512 bitWidth = 1;\n var v = this;\n while ((v >>= 1) > 0)\n bitWidth++;\n if (bitWidth < 8)\n bitWidth = 8;\n while (bitWidth % 8 != 0)\n bitWidth++;\n return (int) bitWidth;\n }\n }\n public int Sign\n {\n get\n {\n var allZero = true;\n var ba = ToUIn32Array();\n for (var i = 0; i < ba.Length; i++)\n if (ba[i] != 0)\n {\n allZero = false;\n break;\n }\n if (allZero)\n return 0;\n return (B512 & HiNeg) == 0 ? 1 : -1;\n }\n }\n public bool IsOne => this == One;\n public bool IsEven => this % 2 == 0;\n public bool IsNegative => Sign < 0;\n public bool IsZero => B512 == 0 && B448 == 0 && B384 == 0 && B320 == 0 && B256 == 0 && B192 == 0 && B128 == 0 && B64 == 0;\n public override int GetHashCode()\n {\n return B64.GetHashCode() ^ B128.GetHashCode() ^ B192.GetHashCode() ^ B256.GetHashCode() ^ B320.GetHashCode() ^ B384.GetHashCode() ^ B448.GetHashCode() ^ B512.GetHashCode();\n }\n public override bool Equals(object obj)\n {\n return base.Equals(obj);\n }\n public bool Equals(Int512 obj)\n {\n return B512 == obj.B512 && B448 == obj.B448 && B384 == obj.B384 && B320 == obj.B320 && B256 == obj.B256 && B192 == obj.B192 && B128 == obj.B128 && B64 == obj.B64;\n }\n public override string ToString()\n {\n return ToString(null, null);\n }\n public string ToString(string format)\n {\n return ToString(format, null);\n }\n public string ToString(string format, IFormatProvider formatProvider)\n {\n if (formatProvider == null)\n formatProvider = CultureInfo.CurrentCulture;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(format))\n {\n var ch = format[0];\n if (ch == 'x' || ch == 'X')\n {\n int.TryParse(format.Substring(1).Trim(), out var min);\n return ToHexString(ch == 'X', min);\n }\n if (ch != 'G' && ch != 'g' && ch != 'D' && ch != 'd')\n throw new NotSupportedException(\"Not supported format: \" + format);\n }\n return ToString((NumberFormatInfo) formatProvider.GetFormat(typeof(NumberFormatInfo)), 10);\n }\n private string ToHexString(bool caps, int min)\n {\n var bytes = ToByteArray().Invert();\n var sb = new StringBuilder();\n var x = caps ? \"X\" : \"x\";\n foreach (var b in bytes)\n {\n var hex = b.ToString($\"{x}2\");\n sb.Append(hex);\n }\n return sb.ToString();\n }\n private string ToString(NumberFormatInfo info, int radix)\n {\n if (radix < 2 || radix > 36)\n throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(\"radix\");\n if (Sign == 0)\n return \"0\";\n var negative = Sign < 0;\n var a = negative ? Abs(this) : this;\n var biRadix = new Int512(radix);\n const string charSet = \"0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\";\n var al = new ArrayList();\n while (a.Sign != 0 && a.B64 != 0)\n {\n Divide(a, biRadix, out var remainder, out var quotient);\n al.Insert(0, charSet[(int) remainder.B64]);\n a = quotient;\n }\n var result = new string((char[]) al.ToArray(typeof(char)));\n if (radix == 10 && negative)\n return \"-\" + result;\n return result;\n }\n public static Int512 Abs(Int512 value)\n {\n if (ReferenceEquals(value, null))\n throw new ArgumentNullException(\"value\");\n if (value.Sign < 0)\n return -value;\n return value;\n }\n TypeCode IConvertible.GetTypeCode()\n {\n return TypeCode.Object;\n }\n bool IConvertible.ToBoolean(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (bool) this;\n }\n byte IConvertible.ToByte(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (byte) this;\n }\n char IConvertible.ToChar(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (char) this;\n }\n DateTime IConvertible.ToDateTime(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n throw new InvalidCastException();\n }\n decimal IConvertible.ToDecimal(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (decimal) this;\n }\n double IConvertible.ToDouble(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (double) this;\n }\n short IConvertible.ToInt16(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (short) this;\n }\n int IConvertible.ToInt32(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (int) this;\n }\n long IConvertible.ToInt64(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (int) this;\n }\n sbyte IConvertible.ToSByte(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (sbyte) this;\n }\n float IConvertible.ToSingle(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return (float) this;\n }\n string IConvertible.ToString(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return ToString(null, provider);\n }\n public bool TryConvert(Type conversionType, IFormatProvider provider, out object value)\n {\n if (conversionType == typeof(bool))\n {\n value = (bool) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(byte))\n {\n value = (byte) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(char))\n {\n value = (char) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(decimal))\n {\n value = (decimal) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(double))\n {\n value = (double) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(short))\n {\n value = (short) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(int))\n {\n value = (int) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(long))\n {\n value = (long) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(sbyte))\n {\n value = (sbyte) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(float))\n {\n value = (float) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(string))\n {\n value = ToString(null, provider);\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(ushort))\n {\n value = (ushort) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(uint))\n {\n value = (uint) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(ulong))\n {\n value = (ulong) this;\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(byte[]))\n {\n value = ToByteArray();\n return true;\n }\n if (conversionType == typeof(Guid))\n {\n value = new Guid(ToByteArray());\n return true;\n }\n value = null;\n return false;\n }\n public static Int512 Parse(string value)\n {\n return Parse(value, NumberStyles.Integer, NumberFormatInfo.CurrentInfo);\n }\n public static Int512 Parse(string value, NumberStyles style)\n {\n return Parse(value, style, NumberFormatInfo.CurrentInfo);\n }\n public static Int512 Parse(string value, IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n return Parse(value, NumberStyles.Integer, NumberFormatInfo.GetInstance(provider));\n }\n public static Int512 Parse(string value, NumberStyles style, IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n if (!TryParse(value, style, provider, out var result))\n throw new Exception($\"TryParse value {value} failure.\");\n return result;\n }\n public static bool TryParse(string value, out Int512 result)\n {\n return TryParse(value, NumberStyles.Integer, NumberFormatInfo.CurrentInfo, out result);\n }\n public static bool TryParse(string value, NumberStyles style, IFormatProvider provider, out Int512 result)\n {\n result = Zero;\n if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))\n return false;\n if (value.StartsWith(\"x\", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))\n {\n style |= NumberStyles.AllowHexSpecifier;\n value = value.Substring(1);\n }\n else\n {\n if (value.StartsWith(\"0x\", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))\n {\n style |= NumberStyles.AllowHexSpecifier;\n value = value.Substring(2);\n }\n }\n if ((style & NumberStyles.AllowHexSpecifier) == NumberStyles.AllowHexSpecifier)\n return TryParseNum(value, 16, out result);\n return TryParseNum(value, 10, out result);\n }\n public static bool TryParseNum(string digits, int radix, out Int512 result)\n {\n result = new Int512();\n if (digits == null)\n return false;\n var multiplier = new Int512(1);\n digits = digits.ToUpper(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture).Trim();\n var nDigits = digits[0] == '-' ? 1 : 0;\n for (var idx = digits.Length - 1; idx >= nDigits; idx--)\n {\n var d = (int) digits[idx];\n if (d >= '0' && d <= '9')\n d -= '0';\n else if (d >= 'A' && d <= 'Z')\n d = d - 'A' + 10;\n else\n return false;\n if (d >= radix)\n return false;\n result += multiplier * d;\n multiplier *= radix;\n }\n if (digits[0] == '-')\n result = -result;\n return true;\n }\n public object ToType(Type conversionType, IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n object value;\n if (TryConvert(conversionType, provider, out value))\n return value;\n throw new InvalidCastException();\n }\n ushort IConvertible.ToUInt16(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n if (B128 != 0)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return Convert.ToUInt16(B64);\n }\n uint IConvertible.ToUInt32(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n if (B128 != 0)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return Convert.ToUInt32(B64);\n }\n ulong IConvertible.ToUInt64(IFormatProvider provider)\n {\n if (B128 != 0)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return B64;\n }\n int IComparable.CompareTo(object obj)\n {\n return Compare(this, obj);\n }\n public static int Compare(Int512 left, object right)\n {\n if (right is Int512)\n return Compare(left, (Int512) right);\n if (right is bool)\n return Compare(left, new Int512((bool) right));\n if (right is byte)\n return Compare(left, new Int512((byte) right));\n if (right is char)\n return Compare(left, new Int512((char) right));\n if (right is decimal)\n return Compare(left, new Int512((decimal) right));\n if (right is double)\n return Compare(left, new Int512((double) right));\n if (right is short)\n return Compare(left, new Int512((short) right));\n if (right is int)\n return Compare(left, new Int512((int) right));\n if (right is long)\n return Compare(left, new Int512((long) right));\n if (right is sbyte)\n return Compare(left, new Int512((sbyte) right));\n if (right is float)\n return Compare(left, new Int512((float) right));\n if (right is ushort)\n return Compare(left, new Int512((ushort) right));\n if (right is uint)\n return Compare(left, new Int512((uint) right));\n if (right is ulong)\n return Compare(left, new Int512((ulong) right));\n var bytes = right as byte[];\n if (bytes != null && bytes.Length != 64)\n return Compare(left, new Int512(bytes));\n if (right is Guid)\n return Compare(left, new Int512((Guid) right));\n throw new ArgumentException();\n }\n public static int Compare(Int512 left, Int512 right)\n {\n if (ReferenceEquals(left, right))\n return 0;\n if (ReferenceEquals(left, null))\n throw new ArgumentNullException(\"leftSide\");\n if (ReferenceEquals(right, null))\n throw new ArgumentNullException(\"rightSide\");\n if (left > right) return 1;\n if (left == right) return 0;\n return -1;\n }\n public int CompareTo(Int512 value)\n {\n return Compare(this, value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int512(bool value)\n {\n return new Int512(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int512(byte value)\n {\n return new Int512(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int512(char value)\n {\n return new Int512(value);\n }\n public static explicit operator Int512(decimal value)\n {\n return new Int512(value);\n }\n public static explicit operator Int512(double value)\n {\n return new Int512(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int512(short value)\n {\n return new Int512(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int512(int value)\n {\n return new Int512(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int512(long value)\n {\n return new Int512(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int512(sbyte value)\n {\n return new Int512(value);\n }\n public static explicit operator Int512(float value)\n {\n return new Int512(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int512(ushort value)\n {\n return new Int512(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int512(uint value)\n {\n return new Int512(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int512(ulong value)\n {\n return new Int512(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int512(BigInteger value)\n {\n return new Int512(value);\n }\n public static implicit operator Int512(BigDecimal value)\n {\n return new Int512(value);\n }\n public static explicit operator bool(Int512 value)\n {\n return (byte) value.B64 != 0;\n }\n public static explicit operator byte(Int512 value)\n {\n return (byte) value.B64;\n }\n public static explicit operator char(Int512 value)\n {\n return (char) (ushort) value.B64;\n }\n public static explicit operator decimal(Int512 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign == 0)\n return 0;\n return new decimal((int) (value.B64 & 0xFFFFFFFF), (int) (value.B64 >> 32), (int) (value.B128 & 0xFFFFFFFF), value.Sign < 0, 0);\n }\n public static explicit operator double(Int512 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign == 0)\n return 0;\n var nfi = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.NumberFormat;\n if (!double.TryParse(value.ToString(nfi, 10), NumberStyles.Number, nfi, out var d))\n throw new OverflowException();\n return d;\n }\n public static explicit operator float(Int512 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign == 0)\n return 0;\n var nfi = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.NumberFormat;\n if (!float.TryParse(value.ToString(nfi, 10), NumberStyles.Number, nfi, out var f))\n throw new OverflowException();\n return f;\n }\n public static explicit operator short(Int512 value)\n {\n if (value.B64 > 0x8000)\n throw new OverflowException();\n if (value.B64 == 0x8000 && value.Sign > 0)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return (short) ((int) value.B64 * value.Sign);\n }\n public static explicit operator int(Int512 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign == 0)\n return 0;\n if (value.B64 > 0x80000000)\n throw new OverflowException();\n if (value.B64 == 0x80000000 && value.Sign > 0)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return (int) value.B64 * value.Sign;\n }\n public static explicit operator long(Int512 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign == 0)\n return 0;\n if (value.B64 > long.MaxValue)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return (long) value.B64 * value.Sign;\n }\n public static explicit operator uint(Int512 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign == 0)\n return 0;\n if (value.Sign < 0 || value.B64 > uint.MaxValue)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return (uint) value.B64;\n }\n public static explicit operator ushort(Int512 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign == 0)\n return 0;\n if (value.Sign < 0 || value.B64 > ushort.MaxValue)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return (ushort) value.B64;\n }\n public static explicit operator ulong(Int512 value)\n {\n if (value.Sign < 0 || value.B64 != 0)\n throw new OverflowException();\n return value.B64;\n }\n public static explicit operator BigInteger(Int512 value)\n {\n return new BigInteger(value.ToByteArray());\n }\n public static bool operator >(Int512 left, Int512 right)\n {\n if (ReferenceEquals(left, null))\n throw new ArgumentNullException(\"left\");\n if (ReferenceEquals(right, null))\n throw new ArgumentNullException(\"right\");\n if (left.Sign != right.Sign)\n return right.Sign < 0;\n if (left.B64 != right.B64)\n return left.B64 > right.B64;\n if (left.B128 != right.B128)\n return left.B128 > right.B128;\n if (left.B192 != right.B192)\n return left.B192 > right.B192;\n if (left.B256 != right.B256)\n return left.B256 > right.B256;\n if (left.B320 != right.B320)\n return left.B320 > right.B320;\n if (left.B384 != right.B384)\n return left.B384 > right.B384;\n if (left.B448 != right.B448)\n return left.B448 > right.B448;\n if (left.B512 != right.B512)\n return left.B512 > right.B512;\n return false;\n }\n public static bool operator <(Int512 left, Int512 right)\n {\n return Compare(left, right) < 0;\n }\n public static bool operator >=(Int512 left, Int512 right)\n {\n return Compare(left, right) >= 0;\n }\n public static bool operator <=(Int512 left, Int512 right)\n {\n return Compare(left, right) <= 0;\n }\n public static bool operator !=(Int512 left, Int512 right)\n {\n return Compare(left, right) != 0;\n }\n public static bool operator ==(Int512 left, Int512 right)\n {\n if (ReferenceEquals(left, right))\n return true;\n if (ReferenceEquals(left, null) || ReferenceEquals(right, null))\n return false;\n if (left.Sign != right.Sign)\n return false;\n return left.Equals(right);\n }\n public static Int512 operator +(Int512 value)\n {\n return value;\n }\n public static Int512 operator ~(Int512 value)\n {\n return -(value + One);\n }\n public static Int512 operator -(Int512 value)\n {\n return Negate(value);\n }\n public static Int512 operator ++(Int512 value)\n {\n return value + 1;\n }\n public static Int512 operator --(Int512 value)\n {\n return value - 1;\n }\n public static Int512 Negate(Int512 value)\n {\n return new Int512(~value.B512, ~value.B448, ~value.B384, ~value.B320, ~value.B256, ~value.B192, ~value.B128, ~value.B64) + 1;\n }\n public static Int512 operator +(Int512 left, Int512 right)\n {\n var larr = left.ToUIn32Array();\n var rarr = right.ToUIn32Array();\n var dl = larr.Length > rarr.Length ? larr.Length : rarr.Length;\n var result = new uint[dl];\n long carry = 0;\n for (var i = 0; i < dl; i++)\n {\n var sum = larr[i] + (long) rarr[i] + carry;\n carry = sum >> 32;\n result[i] = (uint) (sum & 0xFFFFFFFF);\n }\n if (carry != 0)\n {\n var idx = 0;\n while (idx< result.Length-1)\n {\n if (result[idx] == 0)\n break;\n idx++;\n }\n result[idx] = (uint) carry;\n }\n return new Int512(left.Sign * right.Sign, result);\n }\n public static Int512 operator -(Int512 left, Int512 right)\n {\n return left + -right;\n }\n public static Int512 Add(Int512 left, Int512 right)\n {\n return left + right;\n }\n public static Int512 Subtract(Int512 left, Int512 right)\n {\n return left - right;\n }\n public static Int512 Divide(Int512 dividend, Int512 divisor)\n {\n return DivRem(dividend, divisor, out var integer);\n }\n public static void Divide(Int512 dividend, Int512 divisor, out Int512 remainder, out Int512 quotient)\n {\n if (divisor == 0)\n throw new DivideByZeroException();\n DivRem(dividend.ToUIn32Array(), divisor.ToUIn32Array(), out var quo, out var rem);\n remainder = new Int512(1, rem);\n quotient = new Int512(dividend.Sign * divisor.Sign, quo);\n }\n public static Int512 DivRem(Int512 dividend, Int512 divisor, out Int512 remainder)\n {\n if (divisor == 0)\n throw new DivideByZeroException();\n DivRem(dividend.ToUIn32Array(), divisor.ToUIn32Array(), out var quotient, out var rem);\n remainder = new Int512(1, rem);\n return new Int512(dividend.Sign * divisor.Sign, quotient);\n }\n private static void DivRem(uint[] dividend, uint[] divisor, out uint[] quotient, out uint[] remainder)\n {\n const ulong hiBit = 0x100000000;\n var divisorLen = GetLength(divisor);\n var dividendLen = GetLength(dividend);\n if (divisorLen <= 1)\n {\n ulong rem = 0;\n var div = divisor[0];\n quotient = new uint[dividendLen];\n remainder = new uint[1];\n for (var i = dividendLen - 1; i >= 0; i--)\n {\n rem *= hiBit;\n rem += dividend[i];\n var q = rem \/ div;\n rem -= q * div;\n quotient[i] = (uint) q;\n }\n remainder[0] = (uint) rem;\n return;\n }\n if (dividendLen >= divisorLen)\n {\n var shift = GetNormalizeShift(divisor[divisorLen - 1]);\n var normDividend = new uint[dividendLen + 1];\n var normDivisor = new uint[divisorLen];\n Normalize(dividend, dividendLen, normDividend, shift);\n Normalize(divisor, divisorLen, normDivisor, shift);\n quotient = new uint[dividendLen - divisorLen + 1];\n for (var j = dividendLen - divisorLen; j >= 0; j--)\n {\n var dx = hiBit * normDividend[j + divisorLen] + normDividend[j + divisorLen - 1];\n var qj = dx \/ normDivisor[divisorLen - 1];\n dx -= qj * normDivisor[divisorLen - 1];\n do\n {\n if (qj < hiBit && qj * normDivisor[divisorLen - 2] <= dx * hiBit + normDividend[j + divisorLen - 2])\n break;\n qj -= 1L;\n dx += normDivisor[divisorLen - 1];\n } while (dx < hiBit);\n ulong di = 0;\n ulong dj;\n var index = 0;\n while (index < divisorLen)\n {\n var dqj = normDivisor[index] * qj;\n dj = normDividend[index + j] - (uint) dqj - di;\n normDividend[index + j] = (uint) dj;\n dqj = dqj >> 32;\n dj = dj >> 32;\n di = dqj - dj;\n index++;\n }\n dj = normDividend[j + divisorLen] - di;\n normDividend[j + divisorLen] = (uint) dj;\n quotient[j] = (uint) qj;\n if ((long)dj < 0)\n {\n quotient[j]--;\n ulong sum = 0;\n for (index = 0; index < divisorLen; index++)\n {\n sum = normDivisor[index] + normDividend[j + index] + sum;\n normDividend[j + index] = (uint) sum;\n sum = sum >> 32;\n }\n sum += normDividend[j + divisorLen];\n normDividend[j + divisorLen] = (uint) sum;\n }\n }\n remainder = Unnormalize(normDividend, shift);\n return;\n }\n quotient = new uint[0];\n remainder = dividend;\n }\n private static int GetLength(uint[] uints)\n {\n var index = uints.Length - 1;\n while (index >= 0 && uints[index] == 0)\n index--;\n return index + 1;\n }\n private static int GetNormalizeShift(uint ui)\n {\n var shift = 0;\n if ((ui & 0xffff0000) == 0)\n {\n ui = ui << 16;\n shift += 16;\n }\n if ((ui & 0xff000000) == 0)\n {\n ui = ui << 8;\n shift += 8;\n }\n if ((ui & 0xf0000000) == 0)\n {\n ui = ui << 4;\n shift += 4;\n }\n if ((ui & 0xc0000000) == 0)\n {\n ui = ui << 2;\n shift += 2;\n }\n if ((ui & 0x80000000) == 0)\n shift++;\n return shift;\n }\n private static uint[] Unnormalize(uint[] normalized, int shift)\n {\n var len = GetLength(normalized);\n var unnormalized = new uint[len];\n if (shift > 0)\n {\n var rshift = 32 - shift;\n uint r = 0;\n for (var i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--)\n {\n unnormalized[i] = (normalized[i] >> shift) | r;\n r = normalized[i] << rshift;\n }\n }\n else\n {\n for (var j = 0; j < len; j++)\n unnormalized[j] = normalized[j];\n }\n return unnormalized;\n }\n private static void Normalize(uint[] unormalized, int len, uint[] normalized, int shift)\n {\n int i;\n uint n = 0;\n if (shift > 0)\n {\n var rShift = 32 - shift;\n for (i = 0; i < len; i++)\n {\n normalized[i] = (unormalized[i] << shift) | n;\n n = unormalized[i] >> rShift;\n }\n }\n else\n {\n i = 0;\n while (i < len)\n {\n normalized[i] = unormalized[i];\n i++;\n }\n }\n while (i < normalized.Length)\n normalized[i++] = 0;\n if (n != 0)\n normalized[len] = n;\n }\n public static Int512 Remainder(Int512 dividend, Int512 divisor)\n {\n DivRem(dividend, divisor, out var remainder);\n return remainder;\n }\n public static Int512 Max(Int512 left, Int512 right)\n {\n return left.CompareTo(right) < 0 ? right : left;\n }\n public static Int512 Min(Int512 left, Int512 right)\n {\n return left.CompareTo(right) <= 0 ? left : right;\n }\n public static int GetBitWidth(Int512 n)\n {\n Int512 bitWidth = 1;\n var v = n;\n while ((v >>= 1) > 0)\n bitWidth++;\n if (bitWidth < 8)\n bitWidth = 8;\n while (bitWidth % 8 != 0)\n bitWidth++;\n return (int) bitWidth;\n }\n public static Int512 operator %(Int512 dividend, Int512 divisor)\n {\n return Remainder(dividend, divisor);\n }\n public static Int512 operator \/(Int512 dividend, Int512 divisor)\n {\n return Divide(dividend, divisor);\n }\n public ulong[] ToUIn64Array()\n {\n return new[] {B64, B128, B192, B256, B320, B384, B448, B512};\n }\n public uint[] ToUIn32Array()\n {\n var uia = new uint[16];\n var ula = ToUIn64Array();\n Buffer.BlockCopy(ula, 0, uia, 0, 64);\n return uia;\n }\n public byte[] ToByteArray()\n {\n var ba = new byte[64];\n var ula = ToUIn64Array();\n Buffer.BlockCopy(ula, 0, ba, 0, 64);\n return ba;\n }\n public static Int512 Multiply(Int512 left, Int512 right)\n {\n var xInts = left.ToUIn32Array();\n var yInts = right.ToUIn32Array();\n var mulInts = new uint[Math.Max(xInts.Length, yInts.Length) << 1];\n for (var i = 0; i < xInts.Length; i++)\n {\n var index = i;\n ulong remainder = 0;\n foreach (var yi in yInts)\n {\n remainder = remainder + (ulong) xInts[i] * yi + mulInts[index];\n mulInts[index++] = (uint) remainder;\n remainder = remainder >> 32;\n }\n while (remainder != 0)\n {\n remainder += mulInts[index];\n mulInts[index++] = (uint) remainder;\n remainder = remainder >> 32;\n }\n }\n return new Int512(left.Sign * right.Sign, mulInts);\n }\n public static Int512 operator *(Int512 left, Int512 right)\n {\n return Multiply(left, right);\n }\n public static Int512 operator >>(Int512 value, int shift)\n {\n var values = value.ToUIn64Array();\n var valueLength = sizeof(ulong) * 8;\n var length = values.Length;\n shift = shift % (length * valueLength);\n var shiftOffset = shift \/ valueLength;\n var bshift = shift % valueLength;\n var shifted = new ulong[length];\n for (var i = 0; i < length; i++)\n {\n var ishift = i - shiftOffset;\n if (ishift < 0)\n continue;\n shifted[ishift] |= values[i] >> bshift;\n if (bshift > 0 && i + 1 < length)\n shifted[ishift] |= values[i + 1] << (valueLength - bshift);\n }\n return new Int512(shifted[7], shifted[6], shifted[5], shifted[4], shifted[3], shifted[2], shifted[1], shifted[0]);\n }\n public static Int512 operator <<(Int512 value, int shift)\n {\n var values = value.ToUIn64Array();\n var valueLength = sizeof(ulong) * 8;\n var length = values.Length;\n shift %= length * valueLength;\n var shiftOffset = shift \/ valueLength;\n var bshift = shift % valueLength;\n var shifted = new ulong[length];\n for (var i = 0; i < length; i++)\n {\n var ishift = i + shiftOffset;\n if (ishift >= length)\n continue;\n shifted[ishift] |= values[i] << bshift;\n if (bshift > 0 && i - 1 >= 0)\n shifted[ishift] |= values[i - 1] >> (valueLength - bshift);\n }\n return new Int512(shifted[7], shifted[6], shifted[5], shifted[4], shifted[3], shifted[2], shifted[1], shifted[0]);\n }\n public static Int512 operator |(Int512 left, Int512 right)\n {\n if (left == 0)\n return right;\n if (right == 0)\n return left;\n var x = left.ToUIn32Array();\n var y = right.ToUIn32Array();\n var z = new uint[Math.Max(x.Length, y.Length)];\n for (var i = 0; i < z.Length; i++)\n {\n var xu = i < x.Length ? x[i] : 0u;\n var yu = i < y.Length ? y[i] : 0u;\n z[i] = xu | yu;\n }\n return new Int512(left.Sign * right.Sign, z);\n }\n public static Int512 operator ^(Int512 left, Int512 right)\n {\n var x = left.ToUIn32Array();\n var y = right.ToUIn32Array();\n var z = new uint[Math.Max(x.Length, y.Length)];\n for (var i = 0; i < z.Length; i++)\n {\n var xu = i < x.Length ? x[i] : 0u;\n var yu = i < y.Length ? y[i] : 0u;\n z[i] = xu ^ yu;\n }\n return new Int512(left.Sign * right.Sign, z);\n }\n public static Int512 operator &(Int512 left, Int512 right)\n {\n if (left == 0 || right == 0)\n return Zero;\n var x = left.ToUIn32Array();\n var y = right.ToUIn32Array();\n var z = new uint[Math.Max(x.Length, y.Length)];\n for (var i = 0; i < z.Length; i++)\n {\n var xu = i < x.Length ? x[i] : 0u;\n var yu = i < y.Length ? y[i] : 0u;\n z[i] = xu & yu;\n }\n return new Int512(left.Sign * right.Sign, z);\n }\n private class Int512Converter : TypeConverter\n {\n public override bool CanConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext context, Type sourceType)\n {\n return sourceType == typeof(string) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);\n }\n public override object ConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext context, CultureInfo culture, object value)\n {\n if (value != null)\n if (TryParse($\"{value}\", out var i))\n return i;\n return new Int512();\n }\n public override bool CanConvertTo(ITypeDescriptorContext context, Type destinationType)\n {\n return destinationType == typeof(string) || base.CanConvertTo(context, destinationType);\n }\n public override object ConvertTo(ITypeDescriptorContext context, CultureInfo culture, object value, Type destinationType)\n {\n return destinationType == typeof(string) ? $\"{value}\" : base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);\n }\n }\n}<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Int512 Bit Class Jun-11,2021: Obsolete Use xIntX Instead.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[91,5,90],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=177"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":443,"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177\/revisions\/443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=177"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=177"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=177"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}