GetBytes Arrays, Classes, Structures, Primitives<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Updated: Apr-15,2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n
using System;\nusing System.Collections;\nusing System.Collections.Generic;\nusing System.IO;\nusing System.Linq;\nusing System.Numerics;\nusing System.Reflection;\nusing System.Runtime.InteropServices;\nusing System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;\nusing System.Security;\nusing System.Security.Cryptography;\nusing System.Text;\n\/\/\/ <summary>\n\/\/\/ Name: GetBytesClass.cs\n\/\/\/ Date: Dec-01,2020\n\/\/\/ Revised: Mar-11,2021\n\/\/\/ Revised: Apr-15, 2021\n\/\/\/ <\/summary>\npublic static class GetBytesClass\n{\n private static readonly int _charSize = sizeof(char);\n private static readonly BinaryFormatter Formatter = new();\n private static readonly MonitorActionFuncWrapper _maf = new();\n private static readonly SHA512Managed _hash = new();\n public static byte[] GetHashCodeU<T>(this T obj, int bitWidth)\n {\n return _maf.Lock(_hash, () =>\n {\n var buf = GetBytes(obj);\n if (bitWidth < 16 || bitWidth > 512)\n throw new ArgumentException($\"Bit Width {bitWidth} must be between 16 and 512.\");\n return _hash.ComputeHash(buf).SubByte(0, bitWidth >> 3);\n });\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get a byte array representation of most any object.\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n [SecurityCritical]\n public static byte[] GetBytes(this object obj)\n {\n if (obj == null)\n throw new ArgumentException(\"Object cannot be null.\");\n var ltype = obj.GetType();\n switch (ltype.Name.Trim('[', ']'))\n {\n case \"Byte\":\n return !ltype.IsArray ? new[] {(byte) obj} : (byte[]) obj;\n case \"Boolean\":\n return !ltype.IsArray ? GetBytes((bool) obj) : GetBytes((bool[]) obj);\n case \"SByte\":\n return !ltype.IsArray ? GetBytes((sbyte) obj) : GetBytes((sbyte[]) obj);\n case \"Char\":\n return !ltype.IsArray ? GetBytes((char) obj) : GetBytes((char[]) obj);\n case \"Int16\":\n return !ltype.IsArray ? GetBytes((short) obj) : GetBytes((short[]) obj);\n case \"UInt16\":\n return !ltype.IsArray ? GetBytes((ushort) obj) : GetBytes((ushort[]) obj);\n case \"Int32\":\n return !ltype.IsArray ? GetBytes((int) obj) : GetBytes((int[]) obj);\n case \"UInt32\":\n return !ltype.IsArray ? GetBytes((uint) obj) : GetBytes((uint[]) obj);\n case \"Int64\":\n return !ltype.IsArray ? GetBytes((long) obj) : GetBytes((long[]) obj);\n case \"UInt64\":\n return !ltype.IsArray ? GetBytes((ulong) obj) : GetBytes((ulong[]) obj);\n case \"Single\":\n return !ltype.IsArray ? GetBytes((float) obj) : GetBytes((float[]) obj);\n case \"Double\":\n return !ltype.IsArray ? GetBytes((double) obj) : GetBytes((double[]) obj);\n case \"String\":\n return !ltype.IsArray ? GetBytes((string) obj) : GetBytes((string[]) obj);\n case \"Decimal\":\n return !ltype.IsArray ? GetBytes((decimal) obj) : GetBytes((decimal[]) obj);\n case \"DateTime\":\n return !ltype.IsArray ? GetBytes((DateTime) obj) : GetBytes((DateTime[]) obj);\n case \"SecureString\":\n return !ltype.IsArray ? GetBytes((SecureString) obj) : GetBytes((SecureString[]) obj);\n case \"xIntX\":\n return !ltype.IsArray ? xIntX.GetBytesInt((xIntX) obj) : GetBytes((xIntX[]) obj);\n case \"BigInteger\":\n return !ltype.IsArray ? ((BigInteger) obj).ToByteArray() : GetBytes((BigInteger[]) obj);\n }\n return ltype.IsArray ? GetUnClassifiedBytesArray(obj) : GetUnClassifiedBytes(obj, ltype);\n }\n private static bool IsValidPrimitive(Type ltype)\n {\n switch (ltype.Name.Trim('[', ']'))\n {\n case \"Byte\":\n case \"Boolean\":\n case \"SByte\":\n case \"Char\":\n case \"Int16\":\n case \"UInt16\":\n case \"Int32\":\n case \"UInt32\":\n case \"Int64\":\n case \"UInt64\":\n case \"Single\":\n case \"Double\":\n case \"String\":\n case \"Decimal\":\n case \"DateTime\":\n return true;\n default:\n return false;\n }\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from a single boolean object\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(bool value)\n {\n return new[] {value ? (byte) 1 : (byte) 0};\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from an array of boolean objects\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(bool[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"GetBytes (bool[]) object cannot be null.\");\n var seed = new byte[0];\n return value.Aggregate(seed, (Current, bl) => Current.Add(bl.GetBytes()));\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from a single byte object\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(byte value)\n {\n return new[] {value};\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from a sbyte short object\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n [SecuritySafeCritical]\n private static unsafe byte[] GetBytes(sbyte value)\n {\n var numArray = new byte[1];\n fixed (byte* ptr = numArray)\n {\n *(sbyte*) ptr = value;\n }\n return numArray;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from an array of sbyte objects\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(sbyte[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"GetBytes (sbyte[]) object cannot be null.\");\n var numArray = new byte[value.Length];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, numArray, 0, numArray.Length);\n return numArray;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from a single short object\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n [SecuritySafeCritical]\n private static unsafe byte[] GetBytes(short value)\n {\n var numArray = new byte[2];\n fixed (byte* ptr = numArray)\n {\n *(short*) ptr = value;\n }\n return numArray;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from an array of short objects\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(short[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"GetBytes (short[]) object cannot be null.\");\n var numArray = new byte[value.Length * 2];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, numArray, 0, numArray.Length);\n return numArray;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from a single unsigned short object\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(ushort value)\n {\n return ((short) value).GetBytes();\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from an array of unsigned short objects\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(ushort[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"GetBytes (ushort[]) object cannot be null.\");\n var numArray = new byte[value.Length * 2];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, numArray, 0, numArray.Length);\n return numArray;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from a single character object\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(char value)\n {\n return ((short) value).GetBytes();\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from an array of character objects\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(char[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"GetBytes (char[]) object cannot be null.\");\n var numArray = new byte[value.Length * 2];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, numArray, 0, numArray.Length);\n return numArray;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from a single integer object\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n [SecuritySafeCritical]\n private static unsafe byte[] GetBytes(int value)\n {\n var numArray = new byte[4];\n fixed (byte* ptr = numArray)\n {\n *(int*) ptr = value;\n }\n return numArray;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from an array of integer objects\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(int[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"GetBytes (int[]) object cannot be null.\");\n var numArray = new byte[value.Length * 4];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, numArray, 0, numArray.Length);\n return numArray;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from a single unsigned integer object\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(uint value)\n {\n return ((int) value).GetBytes();\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from an array of unsigned integer objects\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(uint[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"GetBytes (uint[]) object cannot be null.\");\n var numArray = new byte[value.Length * 4];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, numArray, 0, numArray.Length);\n return numArray;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from a single long object\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static unsafe byte[] GetBytes(long value)\n {\n var numArray = new byte[8];\n fixed (byte* ptr = numArray)\n {\n *(long*) ptr = value;\n }\n return numArray;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from an array of long objects\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(long[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"GetBytes (long[]) object cannot be null.\");\n var numArray = new byte[value.Length * 8];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, numArray, 0, numArray.Length);\n return numArray;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from an array of long objects with index and count\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static byte[] GetBytes(long value, int sIndex = 0, int count = 8)\n {\n if (count > 8)\n throw new Exception(\"Size cannot exceed 8 bytes.\");\n return value.GetBytes().SubArray(sIndex, count);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from a single unsigned long object\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(ulong value)\n {\n return GetBytes((long) value);\n }\n public static byte[] GetBytes(this ulong value, int sIndex = 0, int count = 8)\n {\n if (count > 8)\n throw new Exception(\"Size cannot exceed 8 bytes.\");\n return ((long) value).GetBytes().SubArray(sIndex, count);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from an array of unsigned long objects\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(ulong[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"GetBytes (ulong[]) object cannot be null.\");\n var numArray = new byte[value.Length * 8];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, numArray, 0, numArray.Length);\n return numArray;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from a single float object\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n [SecuritySafeCritical]\n private static unsafe byte[] GetBytes(float value)\n {\n return (*(int*) &value).GetBytes();\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from an array of float objects\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(float[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"GetBytes (float[]) object cannot be null.\");\n var numArray = new byte[value.Length * 4];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, numArray, 0, numArray.Length);\n return numArray;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from a single double object\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static unsafe byte[] GetBytes(double value)\n {\n return (*(long*) &value).GetBytes();\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from an array of double objects\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(double[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"GetBytes (double[]) object cannot be null.\");\n var numArray = new byte[value.Length * 8];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, numArray, 0, numArray.Length);\n return numArray;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from a single decimal object\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static unsafe byte[] GetBytes(decimal value)\n {\n var array = new byte[16];\n fixed (byte* bp = array)\n {\n *(decimal*) bp = value;\n }\n return array;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from a single DateTime object\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(DateTime value)\n {\n return value.Ticks.GetBytes();\n }\n private static byte[] GetBytes(DateTime[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"GetBytes (DateTime[]) object cannot be null.\");\n var sodt = 0;\n unsafe\n {\n sodt = sizeof(DateTime);\n }\n var numArray = new byte[value.Length * sodt];\n for (var i = 0; i < value.Length; i++)\n {\n var dba = value[i].GetBytes();\n Buffer.BlockCopy(dba, 0, numArray, i * sodt, sodt);\n }\n return numArray;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from an array of decimal objects\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(decimal[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"GetBytes (decimal[]) object cannot be null.\");\n var numArray = new byte[value.Length * 16];\n for (var i = 0; i < value.Length; i++)\n {\n var dba = value[i].GetBytes();\n Buffer.BlockCopy(dba, 0, numArray, i * 16, 16);\n }\n return numArray;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from a single string object using a specified Encoding.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static byte[] GetBytes(this string value, Encoding enc = null)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"GetBytes (string) object cannot be null.\");\n if (enc == null)\n return Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(value);\n switch (enc)\n {\n case ASCIIEncoding AsciiEncoding:\n {\n return Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(value);\n }\n case UnicodeEncoding UnicodeEncoding:\n {\n var ba = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(value);\n var pre = new byte[] {0xff, 0xfe};\n var ra = new byte[ba.Length + 2];\n Array.Copy(pre, 0, ra, 0, 2);\n Array.Copy(ba, 0, ra, 2, ba.Length);\n return ra;\n }\n case UTF32Encoding Utf32Encoding:\n {\n var ba = Encoding.UTF32.GetBytes(value);\n var pre = new byte[] {0xff, 0xfe, 0, 0};\n var ra = new byte[ba.Length + 4];\n Array.Copy(pre, 0, ra, 0, 4);\n Array.Copy(ba, 0, ra, 4, ba.Length);\n return ra;\n }\n case UTF7Encoding Utf7Encoding:\n {\n var ba = Encoding.UTF7.GetBytes(value);\n var pre = new byte[] {0x2b, 0x2f, 0x76};\n var ra = new byte[ba.Length + 3];\n Array.Copy(pre, 0, ra, 0, 3);\n Array.Copy(ba, 0, ra, 3, ba.Length);\n return ra;\n }\n case UTF8Encoding Utf8Encoding:\n {\n var ba = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(value);\n var pre = new byte[] {0xef, 0xbb, 0xbf};\n var ra = new byte[ba.Length + 3];\n Array.Copy(pre, 0, ra, 0, 3);\n Array.Copy(ba, 0, ra, 3, ba.Length);\n return ra;\n }\n default:\n return Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(value);\n }\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from a array of string objects.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static byte[] GetBytes(this string[] value, Encoding enc = null)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"GetBytes (string[]) object cannot be null.\");\n var numArray = new byte[value.Where(ss => ss != null).Sum(ss => ss.Length)];\n var dstOffset = 0;\n foreach (var str in value)\n if (str != null)\n {\n Buffer.BlockCopy(str.GetBytes(enc), 0, numArray, dstOffset, str.Length);\n dstOffset += str.Length;\n }\n return numArray;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from an array of secure string objects\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n private static byte[] GetBytes(SecureString[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"GetBytes (SecureString[]) object cannot be null.\");\n var source = new List<byte[]>();\n foreach (var secureString in value)\n if (secureString != null)\n {\n var byteArray = secureString.GetBytes();\n source.Add(byteArray.CloneTo());\n }\n var seed = new byte[source.Sum(ba => ba.Length)];\n return source.Aggregate(seed, (Current, ba) => Current.Add(ba));\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Get Bytes from a single secure string object using a specified encoding\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static unsafe byte[] GetBytes(this SecureString value, Encoding enc = null)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"GetBytes (SecureString) object cannot be null.\");\n if (enc == null)\n enc = Encoding.Default;\n var maxLength = enc.GetMaxByteCount(value.Length);\n var bytes = IntPtr.Zero;\n var str = IntPtr.Zero;\n try\n {\n bytes = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(maxLength);\n str = Marshal.SecureStringToBSTR(value);\n var chars = (char*) str.ToPointer();\n var bptr = (byte*) bytes.ToPointer();\n var len = enc.GetBytes(chars, value.Length, bptr, maxLength);\n var _bytes = new byte[len];\n for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i)\n {\n _bytes[i] = *bptr;\n bptr++;\n }\n return _bytes;\n }\n finally\n {\n if (bytes != IntPtr.Zero)\n Marshal.FreeHGlobal(bytes);\n if (str != IntPtr.Zero)\n Marshal.ZeroFreeBSTR(str);\n }\n }\n private static byte[] GetBytes(xIntX[] value)\n {\n var r = Array.Empty<byte>();\n if (value != null)\n for (var i = 0; i < value.Length; ++i)\n {\n var lb = xIntX.GetBytesInt(value[i]);\n Array.Resize(ref r, r.Length + lb.Length);\n r = r.Add(lb);\n }\n return r;\n }\n private static byte[] GetBytes(BigInteger[] value)\n {\n var r = Array.Empty<byte>();\n if (value != null)\n for (var i = 0; i < value.Length; ++i)\n {\n var lb = GetBytes(value[i]);\n Array.Resize(ref r, r.Length + lb.Length);\n r = r.Add(lb);\n }\n return r;\n }\n private static byte[] GetBytes(BigInteger value)\n {\n return value.ToByteArray();\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Gets list of byte arrays from a list of objects of type T.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static List<byte[]> GetBytesObject<T>(this List<T> value)\n {\n return value.Select(o => o.GetBytes()).ToList();\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Gets a single object of type T from a byte array.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static T ToObject<T>(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"value cannot be null.\");\n using (var stream = new MemoryStream(value))\n {\n var formatter = new BinaryFormatter();\n var result = (T) formatter.Deserialize(stream);\n return result;\n }\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Gets an array of objects of type T from a list of byte arrays.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static T[] ToObject<T>(this List<byte[]> value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"value cannot be null.\");\n if (value.Count == 0)\n throw new Exception(\"value is empty.\");\n var lst = new List<T>();\n foreach (var o in value)\n lst.Add(o.ToObject<T>());\n return lst.ToArray();\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Converts a hex string to a byte array.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static byte[] HexToBytes(this string hex)\n {\n if (hex.Length % 2 != 0)\n throw new Exception($\"Incomplete Hex string {hex}\");\n if (!hex.ContainsOnly(\"0123456789abcdefABCDEFxX\"))\n throw new Exception(\"Error: hexNumber cannot contain characters other than 0-9,a-f,A-F, or xX\");\n hex = hex.ToUpper();\n if (hex.IndexOf(\"0X\", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1)\n hex = hex.Substring(2);\n return Enumerable.Range(0, hex.Length).Where(x => x % 2 == 0).Select(x => Convert.ToByte(hex.Substring(x, 2), 16)).ToArray();\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Converts a byte array to a hex string.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static string ToHexString(this byte[] bytes)\n {\n var sb = new StringBuilder();\n foreach (var b in bytes)\n sb.Append(b.ToString(\"X2\"));\n return sb.ToString();\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Converts a hex string to an unsigned long.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static unsafe ulong FromHexStringTo(this string value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"Value cannot be null.\");\n if (value.Length == 0)\n return 0;\n var ba = value.HexToBytes();\n ba = ba.Invert();\n if (ba.Length > 8)\n throw new Exception(\"Maximum bit width is limited to 64 bits.\");\n var len = ba.Length;\n switch (len)\n {\n case 1:\n fixed (byte* ptr = &ba[0])\n {\n return *ptr;\n }\n case 2:\n fixed (byte* ptr = &ba[0])\n {\n return *ptr | ((ulong) ptr[1] << 8);\n }\n case 3:\n fixed (byte* ptr = &ba[0])\n {\n return *ptr | ((ulong) ptr[1] << 8) | ((ulong) ptr[2] << 16);\n }\n case 4:\n fixed (byte* ptr = &ba[0])\n {\n return *ptr | ((ulong) ptr[1] << 8) | ((ulong) ptr[2] << 16) | ((ulong) ptr[3] << 24);\n }\n case 5:\n fixed (byte* ptr = &ba[0])\n {\n return *ptr | ((ulong) ptr[1] << 8) | ((ulong) ptr[2] << 16) | ((ulong) ptr[3] << 24) | ((ulong) ptr[4] << 32);\n }\n case 6:\n fixed (byte* ptr = &ba[0])\n {\n return *ptr | ((ulong) ptr[1] << 8) | ((ulong) ptr[2] << 16) | ((ulong) ptr[3] << 24) | ((ptr[4] | ((ulong) ptr[5] << 8)) << 32);\n }\n case 7:\n fixed (byte* ptr = &ba[0])\n {\n return *ptr | ((ulong) ptr[1] << 8) | ((ulong) ptr[2] << 16) | ((ulong) ptr[3] << 24) | ((ptr[4] | ((ulong) ptr[5] << 8) | ((ulong) ptr[6] << 16)) << 32);\n }\n case 8:\n fixed (byte* ptr = &ba[0])\n {\n return *ptr | ((ulong) ptr[1] << 8) | ((ulong) ptr[2] << 16) | ((ulong) ptr[3] << 24) |\n ((ptr[4] | ((ulong) ptr[5] << 8) | ((ulong) ptr[6] << 16) | ((ulong) ptr[7] << 24)) << 32);\n }\n default:\n return 0;\n }\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Converts a byte array to a hex string.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static string ToBinaryString(this byte[] bytes)\n {\n var len = bytes.Length;\n var sb = new StringBuilder();\n for (var i = 0; i < len; i++)\n sb.Append(Convert.ToString(bytes[i], 2).PadLeft(8, '0'));\n return sb.ToString();\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Converts a binary string to an unsigned long.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static ulong FromBinaryStringTo(this string value)\n {\n var reversed = value.Reverse().ToArray();\n var num = 0ul;\n for (var p = 0; p < reversed.Count(); p++)\n {\n if (reversed[p] != '1')\n continue;\n num += (ulong) Math.Pow(2, p);\n }\n return num;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Converts a binary string to a byte array.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static byte[] GetBytesFromBinaryString(this string value)\n {\n if (!value.ContainsOnly(\"01\"))\n throw new Exception($\"Error: Binary string can only contains 0's and 1's. Value:{value}\");\n var len = value.Length;\n var bLen = (int) Math.Ceiling(len \/ 8d);\n var bytes = new byte[bLen];\n var size = 8;\n for (var i = 1; i <= bLen; i++)\n {\n var idx = len - 8 * i;\n if (idx < 0)\n {\n size = 8 + idx;\n idx = 0;\n }\n bytes[bLen - i] = Convert.ToByte(value.Substring(idx, size), 2);\n }\n return bytes;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Converts a byte array to a octal string.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static string ToOctalString(this byte[] value)\n {\n value = value.Invert();\n var index = value.Length - 1;\n var base8 = new StringBuilder();\n var rem = value.Length % 3;\n if (rem == 0)\n rem = 3;\n var Base = 0;\n while (rem != 0)\n {\n Base <<= 8;\n Base += value[index--];\n rem--;\n }\n base8.Append(Convert.ToString(Base, 8));\n while (index >= 0)\n {\n Base = (value[index] << 16) + (value[index - 1] << 8) + value[index - 2];\n base8.Append(Convert.ToString(Base, 8).PadLeft(8, '0'));\n index -= 3;\n }\n return base8.ToString();\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Boolean value converted from the byte at a specified position.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static bool ToBool(this byte[] value, int pos = 0)\n {\n return BitConverter.ToBoolean(value, pos);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Character value converted from the byte at a specified position.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static char ToChar(this byte[] value, int pos = 0)\n {\n return BitConverter.ToChar(value, pos);\n }\n public static unsafe byte ToByte(this byte[] value, int pos = 0)\n {\n byte bv;\n fixed (byte* bp = value)\n {\n var bpp = bp + pos;\n bv = *bpp;\n return bv;\n }\n }\n public static unsafe sbyte ToSByte(this byte[] value, int pos = 0)\n {\n fixed (byte* bp = value)\n {\n var ptr = bp + pos;\n if (pos % 2 == 0)\n return *(sbyte*) ptr;\n return (sbyte) *ptr;\n }\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Short value converted from the byte at a specified position.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static short ToShort(this byte[] value, int pos = 0)\n {\n return BitConverter.ToInt16(PadShort(value), pos);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Unsigned Short value converted from the byte at a specified position.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static ushort ToUShort(this byte[] value, int pos = 0)\n {\n return BitConverter.ToUInt16(PadShort(value), pos);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Integer value converted from the byte at a specified position.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static int ToInt(this byte[] value, int pos = 0)\n {\n return BitConverter.ToInt32(PadInt(value), pos);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Unsigned Integer value converted from the byte at a specified position.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static uint ToUInt(this byte[] value, int pos = 0)\n {\n return BitConverter.ToUInt32(PadInt(value), pos);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Long value converted from the byte at a specified position.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static long ToLong(this byte[] value, int pos = 0)\n {\n return BitConverter.ToInt64(PadLong(value), pos);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Unsigned Long value converted from the byte at a specified position.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static ulong ToULong(this byte[] value, int pos = 0)\n {\n return BitConverter.ToUInt64(PadLong(value), pos);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a signed 128 Bit value.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static Int128 ToInt128(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value.Length > 16)\n throw new ArgumentException($\"Value length {value.Length} exceeds limit. {16}\");\n return new Int128(value);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Unsigned 128 Bit value.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static UInt128 ToUInt128(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value.Length > 16)\n throw new ArgumentException($\"Value length {value.Length} exceeds limit. {16}\");\n return new UInt128(value);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a signed 256 Bit value.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static Int256 ToInt256(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value.Length > 32)\n throw new ArgumentException($\"Value length {value.Length} exceeds limit. {32}\");\n return new Int256(value);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Unsigned 256 Bit value.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static UInt256 ToUInt256(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value.Length > 32)\n throw new ArgumentException($\"Value length {value.Length} exceeds limit. {32}\");\n return new UInt256(value);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a signed 512 Bit value.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static Int512 ToInt512(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value.Length > 64)\n throw new ArgumentException($\"Value length {value.Length} exceeds limit. {64}\");\n return new Int512(value);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Unsigned 512 Bit value.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static UInt512 ToUInt512(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value.Length > 64)\n throw new ArgumentException($\"Value length {value.Length} exceeds limit. {64}\");\n return new UInt512(value);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a signed 1024 Bit value.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static xIntX ToInt1024(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value.Length > 128)\n throw new ArgumentException($\"Value length {value.Length} exceeds limit. {128}\");\n return new xIntX(value, 1024, false);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Unsigned 1024 Bit value.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static xIntX ToUInt1024(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value.Length > 128)\n throw new ArgumentException($\"Value length {value.Length} exceeds limit. {128}\");\n return new xIntX(value, 1024, true);\n }\n public static xIntX ToxIntX(this byte[] value)\n {\n var bl = value.Length * 8;\n return new xIntX(value, bl, false);\n }\n public static BigInteger ToBigInteger(this byte[] value)\n {\n return new(value);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Float value converted from the byte at a specified position.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static float ToFloat(this byte[] value, int pos = 0)\n {\n return BitConverter.ToSingle(PadInt(value), pos);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Double value converted from the byte at a specified position.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static double ToDouble(this byte[] value, int pos = 0)\n {\n return BitConverter.ToDouble(PadLong(value), pos);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Decimal value converted from the byte at a specified position.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static unsafe decimal ToDecimal(this byte[] value, int pos = 0)\n {\n decimal dv;\n fixed (byte* bp = value)\n {\n var bpp = bp + pos;\n dv = *(decimal*) bpp;\n }\n return dv;\n }\n public static decimal ToDecimalL(byte[] src, int offset)\n {\n var i1 = BitConverter.ToInt32(src, offset);\n var i2 = BitConverter.ToInt32(src, offset + 4);\n var i3 = BitConverter.ToInt32(src, offset + 8);\n var i4 = BitConverter.ToInt32(src, offset + 12);\n return new decimal(new[] {i1, i2, i3, i4});\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a String value converted from the byte at a specified position.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static string ToString(this byte[] value, int pos = 0)\n {\n return BitConverter.ToString(value, pos);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Secure String value converted from the byte array.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static SecureString ToSecureString(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"Value cannot be null.\");\n var securestring = new SecureString();\n var asCharA = value.ToCharArray();\n foreach (var c in asCharA)\n securestring.AppendChar(c);\n return securestring;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Boolean array converted from a byte array.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static bool[] ToBooleanArray(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"Value cannot be null.\");\n var arr = new bool[value.Length];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, arr, 0, value.Length);\n return arr;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Character array converted from a byte array.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static char[] ToCharArray(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"Value cannot be null.\");\n var arr = new char[value.Length];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, arr, 0, value.Length);\n return arr;\n }\n public static byte[] ToByteArray(this byte[] value, int index = 0, int length = -1)\n {\n if (length == -1)\n length = value.Length - index;\n var ba = new byte[length];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, index, ba, 0, length);\n return ba;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a SByte array converted from a byte array.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static sbyte[] ToSByteArray(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"Value cannot be null.\");\n var arr = new sbyte[value.Length];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, arr, 0, value.Length);\n return arr;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Short array converted from a byte array.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static short[] ToShortArray(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"Value cannot be null.\");\n var arr = new short[value.Length \/ 2];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, arr, 0, value.Length);\n return arr;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Unsigned Short array converted from a byte array.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static ushort[] ToUShortArray(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"Value cannot be null.\");\n var arr = new ushort[value.Length \/ 2];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, arr, 0, value.Length);\n return arr;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Integer array converted from a byte array.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static int[] ToIntArray(this byte[] value, bool pad = false)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"Value cannot be null.\");\n if (pad)\n value = PadInt(value);\n var arr = new int[value.Length \/ 4];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, arr, 0, value.Length);\n return arr;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Unsigned Integer array converted from a byte array.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static uint[] ToUIntArray(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"Value cannot be null.\");\n var arr = new uint[value.Length \/ 4];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, arr, 0, value.Length);\n return arr;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Long array converted from the byte array.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static long[] ToLongArray(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"Value cannot be null.\");\n var arr = new long[value.Length \/ 8];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, arr, 0, value.Length);\n return arr;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Unsigned Long array converted from a byte array.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static ulong[] ToULongArray(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"Value cannot be null.\");\n var arr = new ulong[value.Length \/ 8];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(value, 0, arr, 0, value.Length);\n return arr;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Float array converted from a byte array.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static float[] ToFloatArray(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"Value cannot be null.\");\n if (value.Length % 4 != 0)\n throw new Exception(\"Byte Object length must be a multiple of 4\");\n var arr = new List<float>();\n for (var i = 0; i < value.Length; i += 4)\n {\n var f = BitConverter.ToSingle(value.SubByte(i, 4), 0);\n arr.Add(f);\n }\n return arr.ToArray();\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Double array converted from a byte array.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static double[] ToDoubleArray(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"Value cannot be null.\");\n if (value.Length % 8 != 0)\n throw new Exception(\"Byte Object length must be a multiple of 8\");\n var arr = new List<double>();\n for (var i = 0; i < value.Length; i += 8)\n {\n var d = BitConverter.ToDouble(value.SubByte(i, 8), 0);\n arr.Add(d);\n }\n return arr.ToArray();\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a decimal array converted from a byte array.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static decimal[] ToDecimalArray(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"Value cannot be null.\");\n if (value.Length % 16 != 0)\n throw new Exception(\"Byte Object length must be a multiple of 16\");\n var arr = new List<decimal>();\n for (var i = 0; i < value.Length; i += 16)\n {\n var t = new[]\n {\n value[i], value[i + 1], value[i + 2], value[i + 3], value[i + 4], value[i + 5], value[i + 6],\n value[i + 7], value[i + 8], value[i + 9], value[i + 10], value[i + 11], value[i + 12],\n value[i + 13], value[i + 14], value[i + 15]\n };\n arr.Add(t.ToDecimal());\n }\n return arr.ToArray();\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Returns a Single String converted from the byte array.\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static string ToSingleString(this byte[] value)\n {\n if (value == null)\n throw new Exception(\"Value cannot be null.\");\n var enc = GetEncoding(value);\n switch (enc)\n {\n case ASCIIEncoding AsciiEncoding:\n return Encoding.ASCII.GetString(value);\n case UnicodeEncoding UnicodeEncoding:\n return Encoding.Unicode.GetString(value);\n case UTF32Encoding Utf32Encoding:\n return Encoding.UTF32.GetString(value);\n case UTF7Encoding Utf7Encoding:\n return Encoding.UTF7.GetString(value);\n case UTF8Encoding Utf8Encoding:\n return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(value);\n default:\n return Encoding.ASCII.GetString(value);\n }\n }\n private static Encoding GetEncoding(byte[] Data)\n {\n if (Data == null)\n throw new Exception(\"Array cannot be null.\");\n if (Data.Length < 2)\n return Encoding.Default;\n if (Data[0] == 0xff && Data[1] == 0xfe)\n return Encoding.Unicode;\n if (Data[0] == 0xfe && Data[1] == 0xff)\n return Encoding.BigEndianUnicode;\n if (Data.Length < 3)\n return Encoding.Default;\n if (Data[0] == 0xef && Data[1] == 0xbb && Data[2] == 0xbf)\n return Encoding.UTF8;\n if (Data[0] == 0x2b && Data[1] == 0x2f && Data[2] == 0x76)\n return Encoding.UTF7;\n if (Data.Length < 4)\n return Encoding.Default;\n if (Data[0] == 0xff && Data[1] == 0xfe && Data[2] == 0 && Data[3] == 0)\n return Encoding.UTF32;\n return Encoding.Default;\n }\n public static bool ToBool(this string value)\n {\n bool result = default;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))\n bool.TryParse(value, out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static char ToChar(this string value)\n {\n char result = default;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))\n char.TryParse(value, out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static byte ToByte(this string value)\n {\n byte result = default;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))\n byte.TryParse(value, out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static sbyte ToSByte(this string value)\n {\n sbyte result = default;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))\n sbyte.TryParse(value, out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static short ToInt16(this string value)\n {\n short result = 0;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))\n short.TryParse(value, out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static ushort ToUInt16(this string value)\n {\n ushort result = 0;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))\n ushort.TryParse(value, out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static int ToInt32(this string value)\n {\n var result = 0;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))\n int.TryParse(value, out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static uint ToUInt32(this string value)\n {\n uint result = 0;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))\n uint.TryParse(value, out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static long ToInt64(this string value)\n {\n long result = 0;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))\n long.TryParse(value, out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static ulong ToUInt64(this string value)\n {\n ulong result = 0;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))\n ulong.TryParse(value, out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static float ToFloat(this string value)\n {\n float result = 0;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))\n float.TryParse(value, out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static double ToDouble(this string value)\n {\n double result = 0;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))\n double.TryParse(value, out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static decimal ToDecimal(this string value)\n {\n decimal result = 0;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))\n decimal.TryParse(value, out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static bool ToBool(this char value)\n {\n bool result = default;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value.ToString()))\n bool.TryParse(value.ToString(), out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static byte ToByte(this char value)\n {\n byte result = default;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value.ToString()))\n byte.TryParse(value.ToString(), out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static sbyte ToSByte(this char value)\n {\n sbyte result = default;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value.ToString()))\n sbyte.TryParse(value.ToString(), out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static short ToInt16(this char value)\n {\n short result = 0;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value.ToString()))\n short.TryParse(value.ToString(), out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static ushort ToUInt16(this char value)\n {\n ushort result = 0;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value.ToString()))\n ushort.TryParse(value.ToString(), out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static int ToInt32(this char value)\n {\n var result = 0;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value.ToString()))\n int.TryParse(value.ToString(), out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static uint ToUInt32(this char value)\n {\n uint result = 0;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value.ToString()))\n uint.TryParse(value.ToString(), out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static long ToInt64(this char value)\n {\n long result = 0;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value.ToString()))\n long.TryParse(value.ToString(), out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static ulong ToUInt64(this char value)\n {\n ulong result = 0;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value.ToString()))\n ulong.TryParse(value.ToString(), out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static float ToFloat(this char value)\n {\n float result = 0;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value.ToString()))\n float.TryParse(value.ToString(), out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static double ToDouble(this char value)\n {\n double result = 0;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value.ToString()))\n double.TryParse(value.ToString(), out result);\n return result;\n }\n public static decimal ToDecimal(this char value)\n {\n decimal result = 0;\n if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value.ToString()))\n decimal.TryParse(value.ToString(), out result);\n return result;\n }\n private static byte[] PadLong(byte[] ba)\n {\n var s = ba.Length % 8;\n switch (s)\n {\n case 0:\n break;\n case 1:\n Array.Resize(ref ba, ba.Length + 7);\n ba[ba.Length - 1] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 2] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 3] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 4] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 5] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 6] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 7] = 0;\n break;\n case 2:\n Array.Resize(ref ba, ba.Length + 6);\n ba[ba.Length - 1] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 2] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 3] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 4] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 5] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 6] = 0;\n break;\n case 3:\n Array.Resize(ref ba, ba.Length + 5);\n ba[ba.Length - 1] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 2] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 3] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 4] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 5] = 0;\n break;\n case 4:\n Array.Resize(ref ba, ba.Length + 4);\n ba[ba.Length - 1] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 2] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 3] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 4] = 0;\n break;\n case 5:\n Array.Resize(ref ba, ba.Length + 3);\n ba[ba.Length - 1] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 2] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 3] = 0;\n break;\n case 6:\n Array.Resize(ref ba, ba.Length + 2);\n ba[ba.Length - 1] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 2] = 0;\n break;\n case 7:\n Array.Resize(ref ba, ba.Length + 1);\n ba[ba.Length - 1] = 0;\n break;\n }\n return ba;\n }\n private static byte[] PadInt(byte[] ba)\n {\n var s = ba.Length % 4;\n switch (s)\n {\n case 0:\n break;\n case 1:\n Array.Resize(ref ba, ba.Length + 3);\n ba[ba.Length - 1] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 2] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 3] = 0;\n break;\n case 2:\n Array.Resize(ref ba, ba.Length + 2);\n ba[ba.Length - 1] = 0;\n ba[ba.Length - 2] = 0;\n break;\n case 3:\n Array.Resize(ref ba, ba.Length + 1);\n ba[ba.Length - 1] = 0;\n break;\n }\n return ba;\n }\n private static byte[] PadShort(byte[] ba)\n {\n var s = ba.Length % 2;\n switch (s)\n {\n case 0:\n break;\n case 1:\n Array.Resize(ref ba, ba.Length + 1);\n ba[ba.Length - 1] = 0;\n break;\n }\n return ba;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Raw byte array from string\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static byte[] GetBytesFromString(this string str)\n {\n if (str == null)\n throw new ArgumentNullException(\"string cannot be null.\");\n if (str.Length == 0)\n return Array.Empty<byte>();\n var bytes = new byte[str.Length * sizeof(char)];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(str.ToCharArray(), 0, bytes, 0, bytes.Length);\n return bytes;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Raw string from byte array\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static string GetStringFromBytes(this byte[] bytes)\n {\n if (bytes == null)\n throw new ArgumentNullException(\"bytes cannot be null.\");\n if (bytes.Length % _charSize != 0)\n throw new ArgumentException(\"Invalid bytes length\");\n if (bytes.Length == 0)\n return string.Empty;\n var chars = new char[bytes.Length \/ sizeof(char)];\n Buffer.BlockCopy(bytes, 0, chars, 0, bytes.Length);\n return new string(chars);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Takes a byte array and converts it to a non-serialized object\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static T NonSerialByteArrayToObject<T>(this byte[] data)\n {\n var target = (T) Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(T), null);\n using (var ms = new MemoryStream(data))\n {\n byte[] ba = null;\n var infos = typeof(T).GetFields(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);\n foreach (var info in infos)\n {\n ba = new byte[sizeof(int)];\n ms.Read(ba, 0, sizeof(int));\n var size = BitConverter.ToInt32(ba, 0);\n ba = new byte[size];\n ms.Read(ba, 0, size);\n var bf = new BinaryFormatter();\n using (var ms1 = new MemoryStream(ba))\n {\n info.SetValue(target, bf.Deserialize(ms1));\n }\n }\n }\n return target;\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Takes a non-serialized object and converts it into a byte array\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static byte[] SerializeObjectNonSerial<T>(T obj)\n {\n using (var ms = new MemoryStream())\n {\n var infos = obj.GetType().GetFields(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);\n foreach (var info in infos)\n {\n var bf = new BinaryFormatter();\n using (var inMStream = new MemoryStream())\n {\n var v = info.GetValue(obj);\n if (v != null)\n {\n bf.Serialize(inMStream, v);\n var ba = inMStream.ToArray();\n ms.Write(ba.Length.GetBytes(), 0, sizeof(int));\n ms.Write(ba, 0, ba.Length);\n }\n }\n }\n return ms.ToArray();\n }\n }\n private static IEnumerable<FieldInfo> GetAllFields(Type type)\n {\n return type.GetNestedTypes().SelectMany(GetAllFields).Concat(type.GetFields(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance));\n }\n [SecurityCritical]\n private static byte[] GetUnClassifiedBytesArray(object obj)\n {\n if (obj == null)\n throw new ArgumentException(\"Object cannot be null.\");\n if (!obj.GetType().IsArray)\n throw new ArgumentException(\"Object type needs to be of type array.\");\n var aObj = ((IEnumerable) obj).Cast<object>().ToArray();\n var ba = new List<byte[]>();\n for (var i = 0; i < aObj.Length; ++i)\n ba.Add(GetUnClassifiedBytes(aObj[i], aObj[i].GetType()));\n var ba1 = ba.SelectMany(a => a).ToArray();\n return ba1;\n }\n [SecurityCritical]\n private static byte[] GetUnClassifiedBytes(object obj, Type type)\n {\n if (obj == null)\n throw new ArgumentException(\"Object cannot be null.\");\n var af = GetAllFields(type);\n using (var ms = new RawMemoryStreamWriter())\n {\n foreach (var infon in af)\n {\n var v = infon.IsStatic ? infon.GetValue(null) : infon.GetValue(obj);\n if (v != null)\n ms.Write(v);\n }\n if (ms.BaseStream.Length == 0)\n throw new Exception(\"Value and Reference Types, no meaningful data can be found.\");\n return ms.BaseStream.ToArray();\n }\n }\n [SecurityCritical]\n public static byte[] GetBytesReflection(this object obj)\n {\n var ltype = obj.GetType();\n return GetUnClassifiedBytes(obj, ltype);\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ Serialize a serializable object\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static byte[] SerializeObject(this object obj)\n {\n using (var stream = new MemoryStream())\n {\n Formatter.Serialize(stream, obj);\n return stream.ToArray();\n }\n }\n \/\/\/ <summary>\n \/\/\/ DeSerialize a serialized object\n \/\/\/ (GetBytesClass.cs)\n \/\/\/ <\/summary>\n public static T DeserializeObject<T>(this byte[] bytes)\n {\n using (var stream = new MemoryStream(bytes))\n {\n var result = (T) Formatter.Deserialize(stream);\n return result;\n }\n }\n public static byte[] ObjectToByteArray(this object obj)\n {\n if (obj == null)\n return null;\n var bf = new BinaryFormatter();\n var ms = new MemoryStream();\n bf.Serialize(ms, obj);\n return ms.ToArray();\n }\n public static object ByteArrayToObject(this byte[] arrBytes)\n {\n var memStream = new MemoryStream();\n var binForm = new BinaryFormatter();\n memStream.Write(arrBytes, 0, arrBytes.Length);\n memStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);\n var obj = binForm.Deserialize(memStream);\n return obj;\n }\n}<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"GetBytes Arrays, Classes, Structures, Primitives Updated: Apr-15,2021<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[25,160],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/354"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=354"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/354\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":404,"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/354\/revisions\/404"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=354"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=354"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michaeljohnsteiner.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=354"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}