RNGCryptoServiceProvider

A Fast Random Number Generator Based on BigInteger

using System;
using System.Numerics;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
public struct RandomX
{
    private readonly RNGCryptoServiceProvider _crng;
    private          int                      _maxByteWidth;
    private          int                      _bitWidth;
    public RandomX(int bitWidth)
    {
        MaxValue      = BigIntegerHelper.GetMaxValueBitWidth(bitWidth);
        _maxByteWidth = bitWidth >> 3;
        OddsOnly      = false;
        Unsigned      = false;
        _crng         = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
        _bitWidth     = bitWidth;
    }
    public bool OddsOnly;
    public bool Unsigned;
    public int BitWidth
    {
        get => _bitWidth;
        set
        {
            _bitWidth     = value;
            MaxValue      = BigIntegerHelper.GetMaxValueBitWidth(_bitWidth);
            _maxByteWidth = _bitWidth >> 3;
        }
    }
    public BigInteger MaxValue;
    public bool NextBool()
    {
        return Sample() < .5;
    }
    public char NextChar(char maxValue)
    {
        if (maxValue < 0)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than zero.");
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        if (_bitWidth < 16)
            BitWidth = 16;
        return (char) (Sample() * maxValue);
    }
    public char NextChar(char minValue, char maxValue)
    {
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        if (_bitWidth < 16)
            BitWidth = 16;
        return (char) Next(minValue, maxValue);
    }
    public sbyte NextInt8()
    {
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        if (_bitWidth < 8)
            BitWidth = 8;
        return (sbyte) Internal();
    }
    public sbyte NextInt8(sbyte maxValue)
    {
        if (maxValue < 0)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than zero.");
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        if (_bitWidth < 8)
            BitWidth = 8;
        return (sbyte) (Sample() * maxValue);
    }
    public sbyte NextInt8(sbyte minValue, sbyte maxValue)
    {
        if (minValue > maxValue)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than or equal to minValue");
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        if (_bitWidth < 8)
            BitWidth = 8;
        return (sbyte) Next(minValue, maxValue);
    }
    public byte NextUInt8()
    {
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        if (_bitWidth < 8)
            BitWidth = 8;
        var n = Internal();
        return (byte) n;
    }
    public byte NextUInt8(byte maxValue)
    {
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        if (_bitWidth < 8)
            BitWidth = 8;
        return (byte) (Sample() * maxValue);
    }
    public byte NextUInt8(byte minValue, byte maxValue)
    {
        if (minValue > maxValue)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than or equal to minValue");
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        if (_bitWidth < 8)
            BitWidth = 8;
        return (byte) Next(minValue, maxValue);
    }
    public short NextInt16()
    {
        if (_bitWidth < 16)
            BitWidth = 16;
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        return (short) Internal();
    }
    public short NextInt16(short maxValue)
    {
        if (maxValue < 0)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than zero.");
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        if (_bitWidth < 16)
            BitWidth = 16;
        return (short) (Sample() * maxValue);
    }
    public short NextInt16(short minValue, short maxValue)
    {
        if (minValue > maxValue)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than or equal to minValue");
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        if (_bitWidth < 16)
            BitWidth = 16;
        return (short) Next(minValue, maxValue);
    }
    public ushort NextUInt16()
    {
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        if (_bitWidth < 16)
            BitWidth = 16;
        return (ushort) Internal();
    }
    public ushort NextUInt16(ushort maxValue)
    {
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        if (_bitWidth < 16)
            BitWidth = 16;
        return (ushort) (Sample() * maxValue);
    }
    public ushort NextUInt16(ushort minValue, ushort maxValue)
    {
        if (minValue > maxValue)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than or equal to minValue");
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        if (_bitWidth < 16)
            BitWidth = 16;
        return (ushort) Next(minValue, maxValue);
    }
    public int NextInt24()
    {
        BitWidth = 24;
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        return (int) Internal();
    }
    public int NextInt24(int maxValue)
    {
        if (maxValue < 0)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than zero.");
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        BitWidth = 24;
        return (int) (Sample() * maxValue);
    }
    public int NextInt24(int minValue, int maxValue)
    {
        if (minValue > maxValue)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than or equal to minValue");
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        BitWidth = 24;
        return (int) Next(minValue, maxValue);
    }
    public uint NextUInt24()
    {
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        BitWidth = 24;
        return (uint) Internal();
    }
    public uint NextUInt24(uint maxValue)
    {
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        BitWidth = 24;
        return (uint) (Sample() * maxValue);
    }
    public uint NextUInt24(uint minValue, uint maxValue)
    {
        if (minValue > maxValue)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than or equal to minValue");
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        BitWidth = 24;
        return (uint) Next(minValue, maxValue);
    }
    public uint NextUInt32()
    {
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        if (_bitWidth < 32)
            BitWidth = 32;
        return (uint) Internal();
    }
    public uint NextUInt32(uint maxValue)
    {
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        if (_bitWidth < 32)
            BitWidth = 32;
        return (uint) (Sample() * maxValue);
    }
    public uint NextUInt32(uint minValue, uint maxValue)
    {
        if (minValue > maxValue)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than or equal to minValue");
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        if (_bitWidth < 32)
            BitWidth = 32;
        return (uint) Next(minValue, maxValue);
    }
    public int NextInt32()
    {
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        if (_bitWidth < 32)
            BitWidth = 32;
        return (int) Internal();
    }
    public int NextInt32(int maxValue)
    {
        if (maxValue < 0)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than zero.");
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        if (_bitWidth < 32)
            BitWidth = 32;
        return (int) (Sample() * maxValue);
    }
    public int NextInt32(int minValue, int maxValue)
    {
        if (minValue > maxValue)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than or equal to minValue");
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        if (_bitWidth < 32)
            BitWidth = 32;
        return (int) Next(minValue, maxValue);
    }
    public long NextUInt40()
    {
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        BitWidth = 40;
        return (long) Internal();
    }
    public long NextUInt40(long maxValue)
    {
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        BitWidth = 40;
        return (long) (Sample() * maxValue);
    }
    public long NextUInt40(long minValue, long maxValue)
    {
        if (minValue > maxValue)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than or equal to minValue");
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        BitWidth = 40;
        return (long) Next(minValue, maxValue);
    }
    public long NextInt40()
    {
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        BitWidth = 40;
        return (long) Internal();
    }
    public long NextInt40(long maxValue)
    {
        if (maxValue < 0)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than zero.");
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        BitWidth = 40;
        return (long) (Sample() * maxValue);
    }
    public long NextInt40(long minValue, long maxValue)
    {
        if (minValue > maxValue)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than or equal to minValue");
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        BitWidth = 40;
        return (long) Next(minValue, maxValue);
    }
    public ulong NextUInt48()
    {
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        BitWidth = 48;
        return (ulong) Internal();
    }
    public ulong NextUInt48(ulong maxValue)
    {
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        BitWidth = 48;
        return (ulong) (Sample() * maxValue);
    }
    public ulong NextUInt48(ulong minValue, ulong maxValue)
    {
        if (minValue > maxValue)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than or equal to minValue");
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        BitWidth = 48;
        return (ulong) Next(minValue, maxValue);
    }
    public long NextInt48()
    {
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        BitWidth = 48;
        return (long) Internal();
    }
    public long NextInt48(long maxValue)
    {
        if (maxValue < 0)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than zero.");
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        BitWidth = 48;
        return (long) (Sample() * maxValue);
    }
    public ulong NextUInt56()
    {
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        BitWidth = 56;
        return (ulong) Internal();
    }
    public ulong NextUInt56(ulong maxValue)
    {
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        BitWidth = 56;
        return (ulong) (Sample() * maxValue);
    }
    public ulong NextUInt56(ulong minValue, ulong maxValue)
    {
        if (minValue > maxValue)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than or equal to minValue");
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        BitWidth = 56;
        return (uint) Next(minValue, maxValue);
    }
    public long NextInt56()
    {
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        BitWidth = 56;
        return (long) Internal();
    }
    public long NextInt56(long maxValue)
    {
        if (maxValue < 0)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than zero.");
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        BitWidth = 56;
        return (long) (Sample() * maxValue);
    }
    public long NextInt56(long minValue, long maxValue)
    {
        if (minValue > maxValue)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than or equal to minValue");
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        BitWidth = 48;
        return (long) Next(minValue, maxValue);
    }
    public long NextInt64()
    {
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        if (_bitWidth < 64)
            BitWidth = 64;
        return (long) Internal();
    }
    public long NextInt64(long maxValue)
    {
        if (maxValue < 0)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than zero.");
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        if (_bitWidth < 64)
            BitWidth = 64;
        return (long) (Sample() * maxValue);
    }
    public long NextInt64(long minValue, long maxValue)
    {
        if (minValue > maxValue)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than or equal to minValue");
        if (Unsigned)
            Unsigned = false;
        if (_bitWidth < 64)
            BitWidth = 64;
        return (long) Next(minValue, maxValue);
    }
    public ulong NextUInt64()
    {
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        if (_bitWidth < 64)
            BitWidth = 64;
        return (ulong) Internal();
    }
    public ulong NextUInt64(ulong maxValue)
    {
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        if (_bitWidth < 64)
            BitWidth = 64;
        return (ulong) (Sample() * maxValue);
    }
    public ulong NextUInt64(ulong minValue, ulong maxValue)
    {
        if (minValue > maxValue)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than or equal to minValue");
        if (!Unsigned)
            Unsigned = true;
        if (_bitWidth < 64)
            BitWidth = 64;
        return (ulong) Next(minValue, maxValue);
    }
    public BigInteger Next()
    {
        return Internal();
    }
    public BigInteger Next(BigInteger minValue, BigInteger maxValue)
    {
        if (minValue > maxValue)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than or equal to minValue");
        return (BigInteger) (Sample() * (maxValue - minValue)) + minValue;
    }
    public UInt512 Next(UInt512 minValue, UInt512 maxValue)
    {
        if (minValue > maxValue)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than or equal to minValue");
        var s = Sample();
        var f = (BigDecimal) ((BigInteger) maxValue - (BigInteger) minValue);
        return (BigInteger) (s * f);
    }
    public BigInteger Next(BigInteger maxValue)
    {
        if (maxValue < 0)
            throw new ArgumentException("maxValue must be greater than zero.");
        return (BigInteger) (Sample() * maxValue);
    }
    public unsafe double NextDouble()
    {
        var buf = new byte[8];
        GetBytes(buf);
        fixed (byte* ptr = buf)
        {
            return *(ulong*) ptr * (1.0 / ulong.MaxValue) * ulong.MaxValue;
        }
    }
    public BigRational NextBigRational()
    {
        return new BigRational(Internal(), Internal());
    }
    public decimal NextDecimal()
    {
        return new decimal(NextInt32(), NextInt32(), NextInt32(), NextBool(), NextUInt8(255));
    }
    public BigDecimal NextBigDecimal()
    {
        return Sample();
    }
    public byte[] GetNextByteArray(int size)
    {
        var ba = new byte[size];
        _crng.GetBytes(ba);
        return ba;
    }
    public char[] GetNextCharArray(int size)
    {
        var xbc = new byte[1];
        var ca  = new char[size];
        var ptr = 0;
        do
        {
            _crng.GetBytes(xbc);
            var c = xbc[0];
            if (c >= 0x20 && c <= 0x7F)
                ca[ptr++] = (char) c;
        } while (ptr < size);
        return ca;
    }
    public char NextChar()
    {
        var xbc = new byte[1];
        while (true)
        {
            _crng.GetBytes(xbc);
            var c = xbc[0];
            if (c >= 0x20 && c <= 0x7F)
                return (char) c;
        }
    }
    public string GetRandomString(int minLen, int maxLen)
    {
        return minLen == maxLen ? new string(GetNextCharArray(minLen)) : new string(GetNextCharArray((int) NextUInt32((uint) minLen, (uint) maxLen)));
    }
    private BigDecimal Sample()
    {
        var i = Internal();
        var s = i * (BigDecimal.One / MaxValue);
        if (s.Sign == -1)
            s = s * -1;
        if (s.IsZero)
            throw new Exception("Sample is zero.");
        return s;
    }
    public void GetBytes(byte[] data)
    {
        if (data == null)
            throw new ArgumentException("The buffer cannot be null.");
        _crng.GetBytes(data);
    }
    private BigInteger Internal()
    {
        if (Unsigned)
        {
            var buffer = new byte[_maxByteWidth + 1];
            _crng.GetBytes(buffer);
            buffer[_maxByteWidth] = 0;
            var n = new BigInteger(buffer);
            return !OddsOnly ? n : n | 1;
        }
        else
        {
            var buffer = new byte[_maxByteWidth];
            _crng.GetBytes(buffer);
            var n = new BigInteger(buffer);
            return !OddsOnly ? n : n | 1;
        }
    }
}

64 Bit Random Number Generator Using RNGCryptoServiceProvider

using System;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
[Serializable]
public class Random64csp : RandomNumberGenerator
{
    private byte[] _buffer;
    private RNGCryptoServiceProvider _crng;
    private double _dBi;
    private ulong UpperLimit = ulong.MaxValue;
    public Random64csp()
    {
        SetDataUse = 8;
        _crng = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
    }
    
    public Random64csp(int dataSize)
    {
        SetDataUse = dataSize;
        _crng      = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
    }
    
    public int SetDataUse
    {
        get => _buffer.Length;
        set
        {
            var v = value;
            if (v < 1 || v > 8 || v == 3 || v == 5 || v == 6 || v == 7)
                throw new ArgumentException($"Value {v} must be either 1 or 2 or 4 or 8");
            switch (v)
            {
                case 1:
                    _dBi = 1.0D / byte.MaxValue;
                    UpperLimit = byte.MaxValue;
                    _buffer = new byte[1];
                    break;
                case 2:
                    _dBi = 1.0D / ushort.MaxValue;
                    UpperLimit = ushort.MaxValue;
                    _buffer = new byte[2];
                    break;
                case 4:
                    _dBi = 1.0D / uint.MaxValue;
                    UpperLimit = uint.MaxValue;
                    _buffer = new byte[4];
                    break;
                case 8:
                    _dBi = 1.0D / ulong.MaxValue;
                    UpperLimit = ulong.MaxValue;
                    _buffer = new byte[8];
                    break;
                default:
                    _dBi = 1.0D / ulong.MaxValue;
                    UpperLimit = ulong.MaxValue;
                    _buffer = new byte[8];
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    ///     Will generate only odd values
    /// </summary>
    public bool OddsOnly
    {
        get;
        set;
    }
    private double Sample()
    {
        ulong Internal()
        {
            _crng.GetBytes(_buffer);
            return BufferToLong(_buffer);
        }
        return Internal() * _dBi;
    }
    public ulong Next(ulong minValue, ulong maxValue)
    {
        var sa = Sample();
        var fi = (double)(maxValue - minValue + minValue);
        var n = (ulong)(sa * fi);
        n = !OddsOnly ? n : n | 1;
        if (n < minValue)
            return Next(minValue, maxValue);
        return n;
    }
    public ulong Next(ulong maxValue)
    {
        return Next(0, maxValue);
    }
    public ulong Next()
    {
        return Next(0, UpperLimit);
    }
    public unsafe double NextDouble()
    {
        var buf = new byte[8];
        GetBytes(buf);
        fixed (byte* ptr = buf)
        {
            return *(ulong*)ptr * _dBi * ulong.MaxValue;
        }
    }
    public char[] GetNextCharArray(int size)
    {
        var xbc = new byte[1];
        var ca = new char[size];
        var ptr = 0;
        do
        {
            _crng.GetBytes(xbc);
            var c = xbc[0];
            if (c >= 32 && c <= 127)
                ca[ptr++] = (char)c;
        } while (ptr < size);
        return ca;
    }
    public char[] GetNextCharArrayX(int size)
    {
        var xbc = new byte[2];
        var ca = new char[size];
        var ptr = 0;
        do
        {
            _crng.GetBytes(xbc);
            ca[ptr++] = Convert.ToChar(xbc.ToShort());
        } while (ptr < size);
        return ca;
    }
    public byte[] GetNextByteArray(int size)
    {
        var ba = new byte[size];
        _crng.GetBytes(ba);
        return ba;
    }
    /// <summary>
    ///     Next(0,2)==0?false:true; has a distribution error of 1% weighted toward zero.
    ///     The distribution error here is 0.000000046% which is statistically insignificant in this context.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="size"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public bool[] GetNextBoolArrayLimit(int size)
    {
        var ba = new bool[size];
        const uint ll = uint.MaxValue >> 1;
        for (var i = 0; i < size; ++i)
            ba[i] = Next(0, uint.MaxValue) > ll;
        return ba;
    }
    public byte[] GetNextByteArrayLimit(int size, ulong minValue, ulong maxValue)
    {
        var ba = new byte[size];
        for (var i = 0; i < size; ++i)
            ba[i] = (byte)Next(minValue, maxValue);
        return ba;
    }
    public ushort[] GetNextUShortArrayLimit(int size, ulong minValue, ulong maxValue)
    {
        var ba = new ushort[size];
        for (var i = 0; i < size; ++i)
            ba[i] = (ushort)Next(minValue, maxValue);
        return ba;
    }
    public uint[] GetNextUIntArrayLimit(int size, ulong minValue, ulong maxValue)
    {
        var ba = new uint[size];
        for (var i = 0; i < size; ++i)
            ba[i] = (uint)Next(minValue, maxValue);
        return ba;
    }
    public ulong[] GetNextULongArrayLimit(int size, ulong minValue, ulong maxValue)
    {
        var ba = new ulong[size];
        for (var i = 0; i < size; ++i)
            ba[i] = Next(minValue, maxValue);
        return ba;
    }
    public string GetRandomString(int minLen, int maxLen)
    {
        if (minLen == maxLen)
            return new string(GetNextCharArray(minLen));
        return new string(GetNextCharArray((int)Next((ulong)minLen, (ulong)maxLen)));
    }
    public override void GetBytes(byte[] data)
    {
        if (data == null)
            throw new ArgumentException("The buffer cannot be null.");
        _crng.GetBytes(data);
    }
    public void NextBytes(byte[] buffer)
    {
        if (buffer == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("The buffer cannot be null.");
        for (var index = 0; index < buffer.Length; ++index)
            buffer[index] = (byte)(Sample() * byte.MaxValue + 1);
    }
    public override void GetNonZeroBytes(byte[] buffer)
    {
        if (buffer == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("The buffer cannot be null.");
        var index = 0;
        do
        {
            var v = (byte)(Sample() * byte.MaxValue + 1);
            if (v > 0)
            {
                buffer[index] = v;
                index++;
            }
        } while (index < buffer.Length);
    }
    private unsafe ulong BufferToLong(byte[] buffer)
    {
        var len = buffer.Length;
        if (len < 1 || len > 8)
            throw new ArgumentException($"The array length {len} must be between 1 and 8");
        fixed (byte* Ptr = &buffer[0])
        {
            switch (len)
            {
                case 1:
                    return *Ptr;
                case 2:
                    return (uint)(*Ptr | (Ptr[1] << 8));
                case 3:
                    return (uint)(*Ptr | (Ptr[1] << 8) | (Ptr[2] << 16));
                case 4:
                    return (uint)(*Ptr | (Ptr[1] << 8) | (Ptr[2] << 16) | (Ptr[3] << 24));
                case 5:
                    return (uint)(*Ptr | (Ptr[1] << 8) | (Ptr[2] << 16) | (Ptr[3] << 24)) | ((ulong)Ptr[4] << 32);
                case 6:
                    return (uint)(*Ptr | (Ptr[1] << 8) | (Ptr[2] << 16) | (Ptr[3] << 24)) | ((ulong)(Ptr[4] | (Ptr[5] << 8)) << 32);
                case 7:
                    return (uint)(*Ptr | (Ptr[1] << 8) | (Ptr[2] << 16) | (Ptr[3] << 24)) | ((ulong)(Ptr[4] | (Ptr[5] << 8) | (Ptr[6] << 16)) << 32);
                case 8:
                    return (uint)(*Ptr | (Ptr[1] << 8) | (Ptr[2] << 16) | (Ptr[3] << 24)) | ((ulong)(Ptr[4] | (Ptr[5] << 8) | (Ptr[6] << 16) | (Ptr[7] << 24)) << 32);
                default:
                    return 0;
            }
        }
    }
}

Tag: RNGCryptoServiceProvider

RandomX.cs

Random64csp.cs